{
 "about": "How many classes ran in each subject in Lunenburg\u2019s schools, year by year \u2014 the one measurement in this archive that counts what was taught rather than who was employed to teach it.",
 "closes": "The district\u2019s own Program of Studies for each year \u2014 the High School Principal handed the School Committee an edition of it on 6 March 2024 \u2014 and the LHS master schedule, presented to the School Committee on 4 December 2024. Both exist, both were discussed in public, and neither is published. Between them they would turn every section count on this page into a list of courses, which is the thing a parent actually wants.",
 "computer_science": {
  "high": [
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2011
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2012
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2017
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2018
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2019
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2020
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2021
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2022
   },
   {
    "sections": 1,
    "sy": 2023
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2024
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "sy": 2025
   }
  ],
  "high_all": [
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2011
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2012
   },
   {
    "sections": 5,
    "students": 119,
    "sy": 2013
   },
   {
    "sections": 8,
    "students": 134,
    "sy": 2014
   },
   {
    "sections": 6,
    "students": 121,
    "sy": 2015
   },
   {
    "sections": 8,
    "students": 119,
    "sy": 2016
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2017
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2018
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2019
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2020
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2021
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2022
   },
   {
    "sections": 1,
    "students": 8,
    "sy": 2023
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2024
   },
   {
    "sections": 0,
    "students": 0,
    "sy": 2025
   }
  ],
  "hs_sections": 1,
  "hs_students": 8,
  "hs_year": 2023,
  "middle": [
   {
    "sections": 8,
    "sy": 2017
   },
   {
    "sections": 7,
    "sy": 2018
   },
   {
    "sections": 6,
    "sy": 2019
   },
   {
    "sections": 6,
    "sy": 2020
   },
   {
    "sections": 6,
    "sy": 2021
   },
   {
    "sections": 8,
    "sy": 2022
   },
   {
    "sections": 6,
    "sy": 2023
   },
   {
    "sections": 6,
    "sy": 2024
   },
   {
    "sections": 5,
    "sy": 2025
   }
  ],
  "middle_years": 9,
  "nine_to_twelve_years": [
   2011,
   2012,
   2017,
   2018,
   2019,
   2020,
   2021,
   2022,
   2023,
   2024,
   2025
  ],
  "ran_first": 5,
  "ran_last": 8,
  "ran_years": [
   2013,
   2014,
   2015,
   2016
  ]
 },
 "conclusions": [
  {
   "basis": "DESE\u2019s class-size collection \u2014 `tot_clss_cnt` and `avg_clss_cnt` for Lunenburg High \u2014 with the grade span of the school in every one of those years read off DESE\u2019s own enrolment-by-grade counts, so the two ends of the comparison are the same school.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "Lunenburg High ran 247 sections in SY2025 against 225 in SY2017, on flat enrolment.",
   "detail": "The argument in this town has been about whether the cuts narrowed what children can take, and at the high school the count of classes that ran went the other way. 435 students in SY2017 and 438 in SY2025 \u2014 within a handful of each other \u2014 across the 9 years the high school held only grades 9-12 in one building configuration. A section is what RAN, so this is not a catalogue and not a plan. What it cannot say is whether the same COURSES ran: DESE files sections by subject area and never by course.",
   "figure": "last",
   "figures": {
    "avg_first": {
     "text": "14.7",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 14.7
    },
    "avg_last": {
     "text": "13.5",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 13.5
    },
    "first": {
     "text": "225",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 225
    },
    "last": {
     "text": "247",
     "unit": "course sections",
     "value": 247
    },
    "stu_first": {
     "text": "435",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 435
    },
    "stu_last": {
     "text": "438",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 438
    },
    "sy_first": {
     "text": "SY2017",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2017
    },
    "sy_last": {
     "text": "SY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2025
    },
    "years": {
     "text": "9",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 9
    }
   },
   "id": "the-high-school-runs-more-sections-not-fewer",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "9-12"
   ],
   "not_shown": "That more sections is more choice. A fifth of them are groups averaging under five students and nothing published says what those teach. Nor does it show a cause: the town cut, enrolment fell and the buildings were reorganised inside the same period.",
   "see": [
    {
     "label": "The staffing behind it",
     "slug": "/school-staffing"
    },
    {
     "label": "What the district said it was cutting",
     "slug": "/cut-register"
    }
   ],
   "so_what": "More classes ran, not fewer \u2014 and the average class fell from 14.7 students to 13.5."
  },
  {
   "basis": "Sections, distinct students and average class size for Foreign Language at Lunenburg High, beside district teacher FTE for the same subject name from DESE\u2019s teacher file.",
   "bearing": "lever",
   "claim": "57.8% of Lunenburg High students took a foreign language in SY2025, against 70.1% in SY2017.",
   "detail": "Three instruments point the same way for one subject and only one, which is what makes it worth separating from everything else here. 305 students took a language in SY2017 and 253 in SY2025, in 21 sections rather than 28. District teacher FTE for the subject moved with them. A language schedule is set by people in this town, in a document the School Committee sees, so this is a decision somebody can look at rather than a condition.",
   "figure": "share_last",
   "figures": {
    "sec_first": {
     "text": "28",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 28
    },
    "sec_last": {
     "text": "21",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 21
    },
    "share_first": {
     "text": "70.1%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 0.7011494252873564
    },
    "share_last": {
     "text": "57.8%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 0.5776255707762558
    },
    "stu_first": {
     "text": "305",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 305
    },
    "stu_last": {
     "text": "253",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 253
    },
    "sy_first": {
     "text": "SY2017",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2017
    },
    "sy_last": {
     "text": "SY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2025
    }
   },
   "id": "foreign-language-narrowed-on-every-instrument",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [],
   "not_shown": "Whether a child who wanted a language could not get one. The district\u2019s own principal told the School Committee that courses are whittled away after student choices are entered, so a fall in sections and a fall in students choosing can be the same measurement seen twice.",
   "see": [
    {
     "label": "Teacher FTE by subject",
     "slug": "/school-staffing"
    }
   ],
   "so_what": "Sections fell from 28 to 21 over the same years \u2014 the one subject narrowing on every measure here."
  },
  {
   "basis": "Sections and distinct students for Foreign Language at Lunenburg Middle School over the share of the school\u2019s own distinct students \u2014 both out of the same DESE file and the same row family, so this is not a ratio across two instruments.",
   "bearing": "lever",
   "claim": "29.3% of Lunenburg Middle School took a world language in SY2025, against 61.0% in SY2023.",
   "detail": "This is the subject residents actually came to a meeting about: a parent told the School Committee that her seventh grader had practised French for three years and had just heard she might not be able to take it. 236 children took a language at the middle school in SY2023 and 115 in SY2025. READ THE SERIES BEFORE CONCLUDING, because it has been here before: the school fell to the same 5 sections in SY2020 and was back above it the next year, so one low year is not a subject ending. What is different now is that it has stayed for 2 years, and that grade 8 world language was still being discussed alongside the override two years after a parent raised it.",
   "figure": "share_last",
   "figures": {
    "dip": {
     "text": "SY2020",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2020
    },
    "run": {
     "text": "2",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2
    },
    "sec_first": {
     "text": "11",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 11
    },
    "sec_last": {
     "text": "5",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 5
    },
    "share_first": {
     "text": "61.0%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 0.6098
    },
    "share_last": {
     "text": "29.3%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 0.2926
    },
    "stu_first": {
     "text": "236",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 236
    },
    "stu_last": {
     "text": "115",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 115
    },
    "sy_first": {
     "text": "SY2023",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2023
    },
    "sy_last": {
     "text": "SY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2025
    },
    "years": {
     "text": "9",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 9
    }
   },
   "id": "the-middle-school-world-language",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "8"
   ],
   "not_shown": "Whether a language was offered and not chosen, or not offered. It also does not show what share of children COULD take one: the file carries no grades inside a school, and a language need not be offered in every grade.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "Sections went from 11 to 5 \u2014 the lowest share in the 9 years the school has existed."
  },
  {
   "basis": "`tot_clss_cnt` for Computer and Information Sciences at Lunenburg High and at Lunenburg Middle School in every year DESE publishes, with the high school\u2019s grade span in each of those years taken from DESE\u2019s enrolment-by-grade counts.",
   "bearing": "lever",
   "claim": "In the 11 years Lunenburg High held only grades 9-12 it ran 1 computer science section.",
   "detail": "The years the high school DID run computer science \u2014 5 to 8 sections a year \u2014 are the years grade 8 was housed in the building, and the students in those sections numbered close to the grade-8 cohort each year. This is the clearest thing on the page a body in this town could decide to change, and establishing it costs nothing: the subject already runs at the middle school every year, so the question is a schedule rather than a programme. What the count cannot say is whether high school students take computing under another heading \u2014 DESE\u2019s subject areas are broad, and this district files a fifth of its high school sections under Miscellaneous.",
   "figure": "sections",
   "figures": {
    "middle_years": {
     "text": "9",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 9
    },
    "ran_first": {
     "text": "5",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 5
    },
    "ran_last": {
     "text": "8",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 8
    },
    "sections": {
     "text": "1",
     "unit": "section in 11 years",
     "value": 1
    },
    "students": {
     "text": "8",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 8
    },
    "year": {
     "text": "SY2023",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2023
    },
    "years": {
     "text": "11",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 11
    }
   },
   "id": "computer-science-at-the-high-school",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "9-12",
    "grade 8",
    "grade-8"
   ],
   "not_shown": "That nobody in Lunenburg teaches computing to a ninth-grader. It shows what DESE recorded under one subject heading. The district\u2019s curriculum return to DESE names no product against any of its digital-literacy rows either, and that is a fact about voluntary reporting rather than about provision.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "8 students, in SY2023. The subject runs at the middle school in every one of its 9 years."
  },
  {
   "basis": "Sections and average class size for the Miscellaneous subject area at Lunenburg High against the school\u2019s own total, at both ends of the window.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "20.6% of Lunenburg High\u2019s sections are in a class averaging 4.9 students.",
   "detail": "It is also the single largest mover in the high school\u2019s section count, up from 35 sections in SY2017. A student described one of these to the School Committee in public comment \u2014 a new elective, four students on the register, eight on the first day. That is what a section this size looks like from the inside, and it is the only account of one anybody has given in public. Whether the rest are electives, academic support, directed study or something else is not published anywhere.",
   "figure": "share",
   "figures": {
    "avg": {
     "text": "4.9",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 4.9
    },
    "first": {
     "text": "35",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 35
    },
    "sections": {
     "text": "51",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 51
    },
    "share": {
     "text": "20.6%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 0.20647773279352227
    },
    "sy_first": {
     "text": "SY2017",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2017
    }
   },
   "id": "a-fifth-of-high-school-sections-have-no-named-subject",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [],
   "not_shown": "What any of them is. The category carries no course names, and reading small groups as enrichment or as remediation fits the same number equally well. Registered in the gaps below.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "DESE calls the category Miscellaneous and nothing published says what those 51 groups teach."
  },
  {
   "basis": "`dese_teacher_subject` teacher FTE at district level against `dese_class_size` section counts for the same subject names, at both ends of the overlapping window. DESE uses one subject vocabulary for both files, and the join refuses to write unless every compared subject is present in both.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "Sections and teacher FTE moved the same way in 8 of the 10 subjects with both published.",
   "detail": "Two independent state files, one counting people and one counting classes, over the years both cover \u2014 SY2017 to SY2025, district-wide. THE 2 THAT DIFFER ARE WHY BOTH FILES ARE PUBLISHED HERE, and the larger of them is Mathematics \u2014 the largest line in the comparison. Its teacher FTE fell by 1.5 while its sections ROSE by 3 and its average class went from 19.7 students to 18.4. Both readings are true and they answer different questions \u2014 fewer teachers, more classes, smaller ones \u2014 and a page carrying only the FTE would have reported a subject contracting. That is the whole case for counting sections: the staffing series was pointing the right way in eight subjects and could not, on its own, tell four sections of a subject from two.",
   "figure": "agree",
   "figures": {
    "agree": {
     "text": "8",
     "unit": "of 10 subjects",
     "value": 8
    },
    "compared": {
     "text": "10",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 10
    },
    "disagree": {
     "text": "2",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2
    },
    "off_avg_first": {
     "text": "19.7",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 19.7
    },
    "off_avg_last": {
     "text": "18.4",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 18.4
    },
    "off_fte": {
     "text": "1.5",
     "unit": "",
     "value": -1.5
    },
    "off_sections": {
     "text": "3",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 3
    },
    "sy_first": {
     "text": "SY2017",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2017
    },
    "sy_last": {
     "text": "SY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2025
    }
   },
   "id": "sections-and-teacher-fte-agree",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [],
   "not_shown": "The most recent year. The teacher file runs one year further than the class-size file, and its largest moves in that year are in Science and Mathematics \u2014 none of which has a section count to sit beside it. They are carried on this page, labelled, and never differenced against one.",
   "see": [
    {
     "label": "The FTE series in full",
     "slug": "/school-staffing"
    }
   ],
   "so_what": "The staffing proxy was not misleading \u2014 but only a section count can say whether a class stopped running."
  }
 ],
 "configurations": [
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 373
    },
    {
     "name": "Thomas C Passios Elem",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 360
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Middle",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 381
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 536
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2011
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 386
    },
    {
     "name": "Thomas C Passios Elementary",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 355
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Middle",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 386
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 510
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2012
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20133",
     "students": 509
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Middle",
     "span": "4\u20137",
     "students": 496
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "8\u201312",
     "students": 582
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2013
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20133",
     "students": 507
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Middle",
     "span": "4\u20137",
     "students": 480
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "8\u201312",
     "students": 577
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2014
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20133",
     "students": 522
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Middle",
     "span": "4\u20137",
     "students": 481
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "8\u201312",
     "students": 554
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2015
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20133",
     "students": 503
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Middle",
     "span": "4\u20137",
     "students": 515
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "8\u201312",
     "students": 549
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2016
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 386
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Elementary School",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 400
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Middle School",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 388
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 439
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2017
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 394
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Elementary School",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 373
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Middle School",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 423
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 442
    },
    {
     "name": "Advanced Community Experience Program",
     "span": "not stated",
     "students": 9
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2018
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 418
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Elementary School",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 372
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Middle School",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 393
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 458
    },
    {
     "name": "Advanced Community Experience Program",
     "span": "not stated",
     "students": 8
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2019
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 417
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Elementary School",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 360
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Middle School",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 406
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 452
    },
    {
     "name": "Advanced Community Experience Program",
     "span": "not stated",
     "students": 6
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2020
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 385
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Elementary School",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 344
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Middle School",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 386
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 474
    },
    {
     "name": "Advanced Community Experience Program",
     "span": "not stated",
     "students": 4
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2021
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Primary School",
     "span": "PK\u20132",
     "students": 379
    },
    {
     "name": "Turkey Hill Elementary School",
     "span": "3\u20135",
     "students": 361
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg Middle School",
     "span": "6\u20138",
     "students": 402
    },
    {
     "name": "Lunenburg High",
     "span": "9\u201312",
     "students": 450
    },
    {
     "name": "Advanced Community Experience Program",
     "span": "not stated",
     "students": 5
    }
   ],
   "sy": 2022
  },
  {
   "schools": [
    {
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 "differently": "Publish the Program of Studies each year, with the previous year\u2019s beside it. The High School Principal handed the School Committee an edition of it on 6 March 2024 and presented the LHS master schedule on 4 December 2024, so both documents exist, both have been in front of the board, and neither is on the district\u2019s website. Two PDFs a year would turn every section count on this page into a list of courses \u2014 which is what a parent asking whether their child can still take a language actually wants, and what no state file will ever hold.",
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     "avg": 21.3,
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    {
     "avg": 22.0,
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   "change": 1,
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    {
     "avg": 24.2,
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  {
   "first_sy": 2011,
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   "Mathematics",
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   {
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   },
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    "agrees": true,
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   },
   {
    "agrees": true,
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   {
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   {
    "agrees": true,
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   },
   {
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   },
   {
    "agrees": true,
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   }
  ]
 },
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  "subjects": [
   {
    "fte": 8.2,
    "subj": "Arts"
   },
   {
    "fte": 1.9,
    "subj": "Civics/Government"
   },
   {
    "fte": 0.1,
    "subj": "Economics"
   },
   {
    "fte": 16.4,
    "subj": "English/Language Arts"
   },
   {
    "fte": 3.9,
    "subj": "Foreign Language"
   },
   {
    "fte": 2.5,
    "subj": "History"
   },
   {
    "fte": 18.7,
    "subj": "Mathematics"
   },
   {
    "fte": 4.8,
    "subj": "Reading"
   },
   {
    "fte": 12.7,
    "subj": "Science"
   },
   {
    "fte": 10.6,
    "subj": "Social Studies/Social Sciences"
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  ],
  "sy": 2026
 },
 "gaps": [
  {
   "closes": "The district\u2019s own Program of Studies for each year, which the High School Principal handed the School Committee on 6 March 2024, and the LHS master schedule presented to the School Committee on 4 December 2024. Neither is published.",
   "side": "curriculum",
   "what": "Which courses a Lunenburg High student could actually choose from, in any year",
   "why": "DESE publishes sections by SUBJECT AREA and never by course, so an elective ending is invisible inside a subject total that rose \u2014 a student told the School Committee on 7 February 2024 that Music Tech would be \"non-existent\", and the high school's Arts sections went from 24 that year to 25 the next. Both statements are true and this archive cannot hold them together."
  },
  {
   "closes": "The LHS master schedule by year, or the district\u2019s own Student Course Schedule submission to DESE, which holds the course records the published aggregate is built from.",
   "side": "curriculum",
   "what": "What is taught in the fifth of Lunenburg High sections DESE files as Miscellaneous",
   "why": "51 of the high school\u2019s 247 sections in SY2025, averaging 4.9 students, in a subject area DESE gives no course names for \u2014 and the single largest mover in the section count since SY2017. The only public account of one is a student describing a new elective with four on the register and eight on the first day."
  },
  {
   "closes": "DESE\u2019s Student Course Schedule submission detail for Lunenburg, which carries the course records behind the published aggregate.",
   "side": "curriculum",
   "what": "How many classes ran in each subject at the two elementary schools",
   "why": "The counts swing by a factor of two between adjacent years with no matching change in enrolment, and two school-years report an average class size no primary school can have \u2014 87.1 at Lunenburg Primary in SY2011 and 36.5 in SY2022, against a maximum of 24.1 everywhere else. The subject coding of a self-contained classroom is not stable enough to trend, so the elementary half of the district cannot be read at all."
  }
 ],
 "generated_by": "scripts/build_course_offerings.py",
 "grain": "COURSE SECTIONS: how many classes ran in a subject area at a school in a school year, as DESE records them. Not courses \u2014 the file carries no course names. Not dollars, not teachers, not children. A section is what RAN, which is what a schedule offered and what students chose, together.",
 "headline": {
  "biggest_gain": "Miscellaneous",
  "biggest_loss": "Foreign Language",
  "first": {
   "avg": 14.7,
   "seats": 3308,
   "seats_per_student": 7.6,
   "sections": 225,
   "students": 435,
   "sy": 2017
  },
  "gainers": 7,
  "last": {
   "avg": 13.5,
   "seats": 3334,
   "seats_per_student": 7.61,
   "sections": 247,
   "students": 438,
   "sy": 2025
  },
  "losers": 6,
  "sections_change": 22,
  "students_change": 3,
  "zeroed": [
   "Business and Marketing",
   "Computer and Information Sciences",
   "Public, Protective, and Government Service"
  ]
 },
 "high_school": [
  {
   "avg": 18.8,
   "seats": 3309,
   "seats_per_student": 6.25,
   "sections": 176,
   "students": 529,
   "sy": 2011
  },
  {
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  "Whether a subject running fewer sections means a child could not take it. A section is what RAN, and what ran is the product of two things at once \u2014 what the schedule offered and what students chose. The district\u2019s own principal told the School Committee that courses are whittled away after student choices are entered. Nothing here separates the two, and the honest reading of a fall is that one of them moved.",
  "What any of these sections is CALLED. DESE files by subject area and never by course, so a named elective ending inside a subject whose total rose is invisible to this file \u2014 which is exactly what a student described to the School Committee in February 2024.",
  "Anything about the two elementary schools. 2 school-years report an average class size no primary school can have \u2014 87.1 and 36.5, both at Lunenburg Primary School \u2014 against a maximum of 24.1 in every other school-year in the file, and adjacent years swing by a factor of two with no matching change in enrolment. The subject coding of a self-contained classroom is not stable enough to trend, so this page does not trend it.",
  "Why the high school\u2019s record breaks at SY2013. Grade 8 moved into the building that year: the school\u2019s student count rose by 69 and its recorded seats by 1,573 \u2014 more than twenty course seats for every additional child. The arithmetic does not work, nothing in this archive explains it, and no finding here crosses that year.",
  "Whether any of this was caused by the budget. The town cut, enrolment fell and the buildings were reorganised twice inside the same 15 years. Those are three causes and this file records one outcome.",
  "What Lunenburg teaches. The district\u2019s curriculum return to DESE names a published product against 15 of its 119 rows, and DESE\u2019s curriculum reporting is VOLUNTARY \u2014 so a blank is a row nobody filled in, never a subject nobody teaches. Lunenburg plainly teaches science. The count on this page is about what a parent can look up.",
  "Anything about quality, results or what a section is worth. This page counts classes.",
  "Anything about the town side. Massachusetts collects a class count from school districts and from nothing else, so there is no equivalent series for the fire department, the library or public works, and no comparison between the two halves of the town budget can be drawn from this page in either direction.",
  "Anything about a person. Every figure here is a count of classes at a school. Where a quote on this page names somebody it is a role in a public meeting record, quoted for the mechanism it describes."
 ],
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   "last_sections": 1,
   "last_students": 15,
   "last_sy": 2012,
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   "subj": "Manufacturing",
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   "last_students": 2,
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   "subj": "Public, Protective, and Government Service",
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   "subj": "Business and Marketing",
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   "subj": "Human Services",
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  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-03-06-minutes-6449.txt",
   "date": "2024-03-06",
   "key": "whittle",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "Our strategy moving forward is allowing the students choices to dictate our courses and electives. We will whittle away at courses once we have recommendations and students choices entered.",
   "section": "mechanism",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_03062024-6449",
   "who": "the High School Principal, to the School Committee",
   "why": "The single most important sentence on this page, and it is the district\u2019s own. It says the mechanism: a section that does not run may be a section nobody chose rather than a section anybody cut. Everything measured here is the OUTCOME of that process, and nothing here separates the two halves of it."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-02-07-minutes-6395.txt",
   "date": "2024-02-07",
   "key": "musictech",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "I have seen that there are supposed to be cuts to the current High School band teacher, where the electives he teaches such as Music Tech will be non-existent.",
   "section": "mechanism",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_02072024-6395",
   "who": "a student, in public comment",
   "why": "And the high school\u2019s Arts sections went UP that year. Both are true, and the reason they can both be true is the limit this page keeps running into: DESE files sections by SUBJECT AREA and never by course, so one named elective ending is invisible inside a subject total that rose. That is a gap in the register, not a contradiction."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-01-24-minutes-6375.txt",
   "date": "2024-01-24",
   "key": "newelective",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "I was put into a new elective that was just implemented this semester titled Music in Modern Media and it goes into Music Technology and the History of Music Film Literacy and all those things we had four people when that elective was implemented on the first day eight people showed up, there is more interests and it was not advertised in a great way but there is more interest.",
   "section": "mechanism",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01242024-6375",
   "who": "a student, in public comment",
   "why": "A course being ADDED, in the same budget cycle as the cut list \u2014 and at a size this file would record as a section of four to eight. It is the clearest account anybody has given in public of what the small sections in the high school actually are."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-12-04-minutes-6907.txt",
   "date": "2024-12-04",
   "key": "schedule",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "LHS Master Schedule Development Mr. Santry gives a detailed summary of the scheduling process at the High School via Slide Presentation",
   "section": "mechanism",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_12042024-6907",
   "who": "the School Committee\u2019s own agenda and minutes",
   "why": "The document that would close almost every limit on this page exists and was presented in public. It is not in this archive and is not published on the district\u2019s site, which is why it is named on the records request rather than argued about."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2023-12-20-minutes-6145.txt",
   "date": "2023-12-20",
   "key": "options",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "we need to make sure we are continuing to challenge our students and options specifically for students that are on an AP track and getting the kids the classes they want/need to take",
   "section": "mechanism",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_12202023-6145",
   "who": "a School Committee member, on the FY25 budget",
   "why": "The question this page was built to answer, asked at the table a year before the budget it concerned. Nothing in front of that meeting counted what ran."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-03-06-minutes-6449.txt",
   "date": "2024-03-06",
   "key": "apstats",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "We would like to offer AP Statis tics if possible as many academic programs at college levels include statistics as a requirement.",
   "section": "mechanism",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_03062024-6449",
   "who": "the High School Principal, in the same report",
   "why": "The other direction, in the same paragraph as the whittling, and rule 8 says it goes on the page at the same weight: a school choosing what to ADD in the middle of a budget it does not yet know the size of. Mathematics is among the subjects that gained sections here. The transcription reads \u201cStatis tics\u201d; it is quoted as the archive holds it rather than tidied, because a quote is a claim about a document."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2025-09-03-minutes-7385.txt",
   "date": "2025-09-03",
   "key": "largest31",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "Our largest class is 31 which is because of a reduction in foreign language.",
   "section": "language",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_09032025-7385",
   "who": "the High School Principal, in his opening report",
   "why": "The other half of the measurement, said out loud by the person who builds the schedule: fewer sections and fuller ones are one decision seen twice. It describes the SEPTEMBER AFTER the last school year this file covers, so it is corroboration from beyond the measurement rather than part of it \u2014 and it is the only place in the readable archive where anybody in the district connects the two quantities this page keeps apart."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-01-24-minutes-6375.txt",
   "date": "2024-01-24",
   "key": "french",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "In addition to the special education with my daughter being in 7th grade she is concerned about the cuts to foreign language and the middle school sports.",
   "section": "language",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01242024-6375",
   "who": "a parent, in public comment",
   "why": "The middle school half, from the year it moved. This page found the subject in the data; the archive is where the child is. What the parent describes and what the file records are the same event seen from two sides, and neither establishes the other."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2026-04-01-minutes-7748.txt",
   "date": "2026-04-01",
   "key": "restoration",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "the school advisory committee for the middle school met and talked about the grade 8 world language and the override, middle school sports being in the restoration budget",
   "section": "language",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_04012026-7748",
   "who": "a School Committee member, reporting from the middle school\u2019s advisory council",
   "why": "Still live, two years on, and in the same sentence as the override. Read it carefully: the minute puts MIDDLE SCHOOL SPORTS in the restoration budget and says only that grade 8 world language was discussed. This page does not read it as saying more than that."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2026-03-10-minutes-7706.txt",
   "date": "2026-03-10",
   "key": "request",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "the school's requests for an interventionist, a kindergarten paraprofessional, a world language teacher, a teacher and paraprofessional for the bridge program, an English teacher, a part-time music teacher, an assistant principal, a literacy coach, and an assistant business manager entirely reasonable and defensible",
   "section": "language",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_03102026-7706",
   "who": "a resident, in public comment",
   "why": "A world language teacher is on the district\u2019s own ask, first in the list after the interventionist and the kindergarten paraprofessional. That is a document stating intent, which is evidence of intent and not of outcome \u2014 but it is the point at which a measurement in this file becomes something a body in this town is actually voting on."
  }
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   "term": "computer science"
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   "note": "Every Massachusetts district\u2019s class counts and average class sizes by school and subject, SY2011\u2013SY2025. The source of every section count and every class size on this page. Stage: reported for the school year, from the district\u2019s own course records. Not a budget, and not a plan \u2014 a count of what ran.",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-class-size.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
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   "filename": "dese-enrollment-by-grade.xlsx",
   "key": "state-dese/dese-enrollment-by-grade.xlsx",
   "note": "Enrolment by grade, by school, for every district. The source of the grade span of each Lunenburg school in each year \u2014 which is what makes a comparison across the two building reorganisations either legitimate or meaningless. Stage: reported as at 1 October of the school year.",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-enrollment-by-grade.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "a2fb23dea70ce67dc0aea46a5eb4856630b1655d2ddf470b96681cdc6a56543e",
   "stage": "reported as at 1 October of the school year.",
   "table": "dese_enrollment",
   "url": "https://educationtocareer.data.mass.gov/d/t8td-gens",
   "what": "Enrolment by grade, by school, for every district. The source of the grade span of each Lunenburg school in each year \u2014 which is what makes a comparison across the two building reorganisations either legitimate or meaningless."
  },
  {
   "bytes": 25969884,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/dese-teacher-data.xlsx",
   "filename": "dese-teacher-data.xlsx",
   "key": "state-dese/dese-teacher-data.xlsx",
   "note": "Teacher FTE by subject, by school. The second instrument on this page, and the one every earlier attempt at this question used on its own. Stage: reported for the school year. Per ASSIGNMENT, not per person.",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-teacher-data.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "4fbe81d65aee0bff88504cfc21dc2140ef9bc4a073bb5bad6b167c738767e2ea",
   "stage": "reported for the school year. Per ASSIGNMENT, not per person.",
   "table": "dese_teacher_subject",
   "url": "https://educationtocareer.data.mass.gov/d/4684-cw3t",
   "what": "Teacher FTE by subject, by school. The second instrument on this page, and the one every earlier attempt at this question used on its own."
  },
  {
   "bytes": 6270,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/dese-curriculum-lunenburg.xlsx",
   "filename": "dese-curriculum-lunenburg.xlsx",
   "key": "state-dese/dese-curriculum-lunenburg.xlsx",
   "note": "Lunenburg\u2019s own curriculum return to DESE \u2014 119 rows, eight subjects by grade, with the published curriculum product named against each. Reporting is voluntary and 104 rows name none, so this bounds what a parent can LOOK UP and says nothing about what is taught. Stage: as the district reported it. Undated within the workbook.",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-curriculum-lunenburg.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "762639c29a2cd2f63e2f54707ddb50ff6dbdcf7607c689416ad99445012fd1dc",
   "stage": "as the district reported it. Undated within the workbook.",
   "table": "not loaded \u2014 read from the workbook",
   "url": "https://profiles.doe.mass.edu/curriculum/?topNavId=1&leftNavId=16934&orgtypecode=5&orgcode=01620000",
   "what": "Lunenburg\u2019s own curriculum return to DESE \u2014 119 rows, eight subjects by grade, with the published curriculum product named against each. Reporting is voluntary and 104 rows name none, so this bounds what a parent can LOOK UP and says nothing about what is taught."
  }
 ],
 "window": {
  "first_sy": 2017,
  "last_sy": 2025,
  "why": "the years Lunenburg High held one grade span, in one building configuration, with the same five schools reporting",
  "years": 9
 }
}