{
 "about": "What DESE says Lunenburg spends for each pupil, against every district in Massachusetts and against five neighbours \u2014 and the arithmetic that says how much of the difference is money and how much is children.",
 "categories": [
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 6318.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 7167.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 7196.0,
    "Harvard": 8475.0,
    "Lunenburg": 6513.0,
    "North Middlesex": 6989.0
   },
   "code": "TCHR",
   "desc": "Teachers",
   "gap": -654.0,
   "lunenburg": 6513.0,
   "median_peer": 7167.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 8475.0,
   "peer_low": 6318.0,
   "peer_median": 7167.0,
   "rank": 5
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 2276.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 2522.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 2146.0,
    "Harvard": 2537.0,
    "Lunenburg": 1908.0,
    "North Middlesex": 2241.0
   },
   "code": "SERV",
   "desc": "Pupil Services",
   "gap": -614.0,
   "lunenburg": 1908.0,
   "median_peer": 2522.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 2537.0,
   "peer_low": 2146.0,
   "peer_median": 2276.0,
   "rank": 6
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 913.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 1524.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 1458.0,
    "Harvard": 1481.0,
    "Lunenburg": 1109.0,
    "North Middlesex": 981.0
   },
   "code": "LDRS",
   "desc": "Instructional Leadership",
   "gap": -415.0,
   "lunenburg": 1109.0,
   "median_peer": 1524.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 1524.0,
   "peer_low": 913.0,
   "peer_median": 1458.0,
   "rank": 4
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 1537.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 1488.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 1819.0,
    "Harvard": 2137.0,
    "Lunenburg": 1253.0,
    "North Middlesex": 1698.0
   },
   "code": "OPMN",
   "desc": "Operations and Maintenance",
   "gap": -235.0,
   "lunenburg": 1253.0,
   "median_peer": 1488.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 2137.0,
   "peer_low": 1488.0,
   "peer_median": 1698.0,
   "rank": 6
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 507.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 431.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 241.0,
    "Harvard": 680.0,
    "Lunenburg": 226.0,
    "North Middlesex": 271.0
   },
   "code": "MATL",
   "desc": "Instructional Materials, Equipment and Technology",
   "gap": -205.0,
   "lunenburg": 226.0,
   "median_peer": 431.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 680.0,
   "peer_low": 241.0,
   "peer_median": 431.0,
   "rank": 6
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 203.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 202.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 206.0,
    "Harvard": 167.0,
    "Lunenburg": 48.0,
    "North Middlesex": 78.0
   },
   "code": "PDEV",
   "desc": "Professional Development",
   "gap": -154.0,
   "lunenburg": 48.0,
   "median_peer": 202.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 206.0,
   "peer_low": 78.0,
   "peer_median": 202.0,
   "rank": 6
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 2513.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 3462.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 4721.0,
    "Harvard": 4202.0,
    "Lunenburg": 3459.0,
    "North Middlesex": 3746.0
   },
   "code": "BENE",
   "desc": "Insurance, Retirement Programs and Other",
   "gap": -3.0,
   "lunenburg": 3459.0,
   "median_peer": 3462.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 4721.0,
   "peer_low": 2513.0,
   "peer_median": 3746.0,
   "rank": 5
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 0.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 0.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 0.0,
    "Harvard": 0.0,
    "Lunenburg": 0.0,
    "North Middlesex": 0.0
   },
   "code": "ODTR",
   "desc": "Out-of-district Transportation",
   "gap": 0.0,
   "lunenburg": 0.0,
   "median_peer": 0.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 0.0,
   "peer_low": 0.0,
   "peer_median": 0.0,
   "rank": 1
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 474.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 579.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 559.0,
    "Harvard": 954.0,
    "Lunenburg": 581.0,
    "North Middlesex": 535.0
   },
   "code": "ADMN",
   "desc": "Administration",
   "gap": 2.0,
   "lunenburg": 581.0,
   "median_peer": 579.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 954.0,
   "peer_low": 474.0,
   "peer_median": 559.0,
   "rank": 2
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 711.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 660.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 582.0,
    "Harvard": 936.0,
    "Lunenburg": 677.0,
    "North Middlesex": 545.0
   },
   "code": "GUID",
   "desc": "Guidance, Counseling and Testing",
   "gap": 17.0,
   "lunenburg": 677.0,
   "median_peer": 660.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 936.0,
   "peer_low": 545.0,
   "peer_median": 660.0,
   "rank": 3
  },
  {
   "by_district": {
    "Ashburnham-Westminster": 1782.0,
    "Ayer Shirley School District": 1852.0,
    "Groton-Dunstable": 2485.0,
    "Harvard": 2460.0,
    "Lunenburg": 2010.0,
    "North Middlesex": 1896.0
   },
   "code": "TSER",
   "desc": "Other Teaching Services",
   "gap": 158.0,
   "lunenburg": 2010.0,
   "median_peer": 1852.0,
   "of": 6,
   "peer_high": 2485.0,
   "peer_low": 1782.0,
   "peer_median": 1896.0,
   "rank": 3
  }
 ],
 "category_headline": {
  "by_district": {
   "Ashburnham-Westminster": 17233.0,
   "Ayer Shirley School District": 19888.0,
   "Groton-Dunstable": 21414.0,
   "Harvard": 24028.0,
   "Lunenburg": 17785.0,
   "North Middlesex": 18979.0
  },
  "fte_in_district": 1568.9,
  "fy": 2025,
  "gap": -2103.0,
  "gap_in_dollars": -3299397,
  "lunenburg": 17785.0,
  "median_peer": "Ayer Shirley School District",
  "peer": 19888.0,
  "peer_median_of_categories": 20093,
  "why_not_category_medians": 205
 },
 "ch70_fy": 2026,
 "decomposition": [
  {
   "at_old_enrolment": 16474,
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "per_pupil_from": 11461.0,
   "per_pupil_pct": 0.8784,
   "per_pupil_to": 21528.0,
   "pupils_from": 3989.8,
   "pupils_pct": -0.2347,
   "pupils_to": 3053.2,
   "rank_at_old_enrolment": 6,
   "spend_from": 45725659.0,
   "spend_pct": 0.4375,
   "spend_to": 65728795.0
  },
  {
   "at_old_enrolment": 19492,
   "district": "Groton-Dunstable",
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "per_pupil_from": 12261.0,
   "per_pupil_pct": 0.8485,
   "per_pupil_to": 22664.0,
   "pupils_from": 2775.9,
   "pupils_pct": -0.14,
   "pupils_to": 2387.4,
   "rank_at_old_enrolment": 3,
   "spend_from": 34034408.0,
   "spend_pct": 0.5898,
   "spend_to": 54106517.0
  },
  {
   "at_old_enrolment": 20775,
   "district": "Harvard",
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "per_pupil_from": 13984.0,
   "per_pupil_pct": 0.8282,
   "per_pupil_to": 25565.0,
   "pupils_from": 1311.0,
   "pupils_pct": -0.1873,
   "pupils_to": 1065.4,
   "rank_at_old_enrolment": 1,
   "spend_from": 18333580.0,
   "spend_pct": 0.4856,
   "spend_to": 27236238.0
  },
  {
   "at_old_enrolment": 17025,
   "district": "Lunenburg",
   "is_lunenburg": true,
   "per_pupil_from": 11448.0,
   "per_pupil_pct": 0.5747,
   "per_pupil_to": 18027.0,
   "pupils_from": 1763.9,
   "pupils_pct": -0.0556,
   "pupils_to": 1665.9,
   "rank_at_old_enrolment": 5,
   "spend_from": 20193414.0,
   "spend_pct": 0.4872,
   "spend_to": 30031242.0
  },
  {
   "at_old_enrolment": 19809,
   "district": "Ayer Shirley School District",
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "per_pupil_from": 13080.0,
   "per_pupil_pct": 0.5618,
   "per_pupil_to": 20428.0,
   "pupils_from": 1946.7,
   "pupils_pct": -0.0304,
   "pupils_to": 1887.6,
   "rank_at_old_enrolment": 2,
   "spend_from": 25463378.0,
   "spend_pct": 0.5144,
   "spend_to": 38561581.0
  },
  {
   "at_old_enrolment": 17621,
   "district": "Ashburnham-Westminster",
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "per_pupil_from": 12027.0,
   "per_pupil_pct": 0.5084,
   "per_pupil_to": 18142.0,
   "pupils_from": 2351.3,
   "pupils_pct": -0.0287,
   "pupils_to": 2283.8,
   "rank_at_old_enrolment": 4,
   "spend_from": 28278180.0,
   "spend_pct": 0.4652,
   "spend_to": 41432696.0
  }
 ],
 "demographics": [
  {
   "district": "Ashburnham-Westminster",
   "el": 0.024,
   "headcount": 2255.0,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "low_income": 0.234,
   "swd": 0.178
  },
  {
   "district": "Ayer Shirley School District",
   "el": 0.073,
   "headcount": 1723.0,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "low_income": 0.332,
   "swd": 0.204
  },
  {
   "district": "Groton-Dunstable",
   "el": 0.021,
   "headcount": 2300.0,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "low_income": 0.097,
   "swd": 0.183
  },
  {
   "district": "Harvard",
   "el": 0.022,
   "headcount": 1023.0,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "low_income": 0.108,
   "swd": 0.157
  },
  {
   "district": "Lunenburg",
   "el": 0.035,
   "headcount": 1563.0,
   "is_lunenburg": true,
   "low_income": 0.233,
   "swd": 0.158
  },
  {
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "el": 0.036,
   "headcount": 2914.0,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "low_income": 0.271,
   "swd": 0.26
  }
 ],
 "denominators": {
  "ambiguous": 937,
  "in_district_fte": 5114,
  "label_in_our_table": "per pupil, in-district FTE",
  "label_is_wrong_on": "TTPP \u2014 the district total, which is over TOTAL FTE pupils. The label is ours, not DESE\u2019s: it is written by extract_dese_finance.py.",
  "rows_tested": 6153,
  "tolerance": 1.0,
  "total_fte": 102
 },
 "districts": [
  {
   "district": "Ashburnham-Westminster",
   "first_fy": 2009,
   "in_current_set": true,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "lea": "06100000",
   "years": 17
  },
  {
   "district": "Ayer",
   "first_fy": 2009,
   "in_current_set": false,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2011,
   "lea": "00190000",
   "years": 3
  },
  {
   "district": "Ayer Shirley School District",
   "first_fy": 2012,
   "in_current_set": true,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "lea": "06160000",
   "years": 14
  },
  {
   "district": "Groton-Dunstable",
   "first_fy": 2009,
   "in_current_set": true,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "lea": "06730000",
   "years": 17
  },
  {
   "district": "Harvard",
   "first_fy": 2009,
   "in_current_set": true,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "lea": "01250000",
   "years": 17
  },
  {
   "district": "Lunenburg",
   "first_fy": 2009,
   "in_current_set": true,
   "is_lunenburg": true,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "lea": "01620000",
   "years": 17
  },
  {
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "first_fy": 2009,
   "in_current_set": true,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "lea": "07350000",
   "years": 17
  }
 ],
 "documents": [
  {
   "bytes": 26156131,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/district-expenditures-by-function.xlsx",
   "filename": "district-expenditures-by-function.xlsx",
   "key": "state-dese/district-expenditures-by-function.xlsx",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/district-expenditures-by-function.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "9e43789807b17ea6a1098273da8fb7fd8a28c20d4cd4733ba9e25fc69d4d4423",
   "stage": "reported after the year closed \u2014 end-of-year finance collection. Not a budget.",
   "url": "https://educationtocareer.data.mass.gov/resource/cnfs-edqq.csv",
   "what": "Every district\u2019s spending by function, all funds, with DESE\u2019s own per-pupil figure. The source of every dollar and every per-pupil figure on this page."
  },
  {
   "bytes": 1426264,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/radar-district-comparison.xlsx",
   "filename": "radar-district-comparison.xlsx",
   "key": "state-dese/radar-district-comparison.xlsx",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/radar-district-comparison.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "0391c2d358c408c5c61e0dac257cabfca5ad67bfc2187196f80d5e0492a84e79",
   "stage": "reported for the fiscal year. Not a budget.",
   "url": "https://www.doe.mass.edu/research/radar/district-comparison.xlsx",
   "what": "DESE\u2019s RADAR district comparison \u2014 enrolment, demographics, staffing FTE, average teacher salary and MCAS, for all 421 Massachusetts districts. The source of the denominators, the staffing and the results on this page."
  },
  {
   "bytes": 3848346,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/dese-ch70-district-profile.xlsx",
   "filename": "dese-ch70-district-profile.xlsx",
   "key": "state-dese/dese-ch70-district-profile.xlsx",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-ch70-district-profile.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "a0dc63bc9d515b28614c0ac5a0de70402a3e8a22dab1a4333e516808ad62df61",
   "stage": "the Chapter 70 calculation for the fiscal year. The net school spending column carries its own stage per year and this page splits on it.",
   "url": "https://educationtocareer.data.mass.gov/d/qt58-634r",
   "what": "DESE\u2019s Chapter 70 district profile \u2014 required local contribution, required net school spending, and what each district actually spends against it."
  }
 ],
 "fin_fy": 2025,
 "first_comparable_fy": 2012,
 "first_fy": 2009,
 "gaps": [
  {
   "closes": "DESE\u2019s own DART comparison group for Lunenburg, which names the districts the Department considers similar and states the criteria it used.",
   "side": "record",
   "what": "Why these six districts and not six others",
   "why": "Every comparison on this page runs against a set of six districts chosen by this project \u2014 Ashburnham-Westminster, Ayer Shirley, Groton-Dunstable, Harvard, North Middlesex and Lunenburg. DESE\u2019s RADAR workbook covers all 421 Massachusetts districts and this archive extracts six because the full file takes the published database past Cloudflare\u2019s per-asset limit. No document here records the criterion by which those six were picked, and a peer set is an argument: whoever chooses it has already made a claim about what Lunenburg is comparable to. That is why every headline figure on /what-other-districts-spend is stated against DESE\u2019s statewide distribution of 318 districts rather than against the six."
  },
  {
   "closes": "the district\u2019s own inventory and purchasing records for the materials and technology line, which would say what was bought and when.",
   "side": "money_out",
   "what": "What DESE\u2019s per-pupil figure buys",
   "why": "DESE publishes dollars over a pupil count, by function, for every district. It does not publish what those dollars bought: a Teachers line is not a class size, an Instructional Materials line is not a textbook count, and a Paraprofessional FTE is not a person or a caseload. So Lunenburg spending $226 a pupil on instructional materials, equipment and technology against a statewide median of $626 is a measured difference in money and not a measured difference in what children have. Rule 7\u2019s standing form: dollars are not services."
  },
  {
   "closes": "DESE\u2019s district-level MCAS achievement file for all districts, published per year at profiles.doe.mass.edu, extracted the way the finance distribution already is.",
   "side": "record",
   "what": "Whether Lunenburg\u2019s MCAS results are high or low for Massachusetts",
   "why": "Residents have argued the comparison in both directions at School Committee \u2014 that the town is \u201cin the top 20% for school performance while being in the bottom 10% for spending\u201d, and that \u201cneighboring districts\u2026 have faced similar challenges while achieving stronger outcomes\u201d. The spending half of that can be checked here, because DESE publishes the statewide distribution of per-pupil spending with quartiles and a rank. The results half cannot: this archive holds MCAS for six districts and no statewide distribution of it at all, so no percentile, rank or state median can be computed for any of the four measures."
  },
  {
   "closes": "nothing published settles it; the nearest evidence is the district\u2019s own level-service request against the appropriation voted, year by year, which the archive holds for FY2024 onward only.",
   "side": "money_out",
   "what": "Whether spending less per pupil is a choice or a constraint",
   "why": "Lunenburg\u2019s total per-pupil spending has been below the statewide first quartile in every one of the seventeen years DESE publishes, and its net school spending is a smaller multiple of the required minimum than the median district\u2019s. Nothing in any of these documents distinguishes a town that decided to spend less from a town that could not raise more: the levy limit, two failed overrides, the district\u2019s proposed budget and Town Meeting\u2019s vote all resolve into the same single number, and the number is the outcome of all of them at once. This matters because the two readings imply opposite remedies."
  }
 ],
 "headline": {
  "best_rank": 5,
  "bottom_quarter_of": 17,
  "bottom_quarter_unbroken": true,
  "bottom_quarter_years": 17,
  "fte_in_district": 1568.9,
  "fte_total": 1665.9,
  "fy": 2025,
  "gen_fund": 26986344.0,
  "grant_share": 0.1014,
  "grant_share_is_lowest": true,
  "grants_revolving": 3044898.0,
  "of": 6,
  "per_pupil": 18027.0,
  "rank": 6,
  "statewide_below_median": 5493.0,
  "statewide_median": 23520.0,
  "statewide_of": 318,
  "statewide_p25": 21179.2,
  "statewide_p75": 26961.0,
  "statewide_rank": 310,
  "statewide_spend_less": 8,
  "total": 30031242.0,
  "worst_rank": 6
 },
 "last_fy": 2025,
 "last_year": [
  {
   "district": "Harvard",
   "fte_in_district": 1016.4,
   "fte_total": 1065.4,
   "fy": 2025,
   "gen_fund": 20688436.0,
   "grant_share": 0.2404,
   "grants_revolving": 6547802.0,
   "lea": "01250000",
   "of": 6,
   "per_pupil": 25565.0,
   "rank": 1,
   "total": 27236238.0
  },
  {
   "district": "Groton-Dunstable",
   "fte_in_district": 2305.6,
   "fte_total": 2387.4,
   "fy": 2025,
   "gen_fund": 47883498.0,
   "grant_share": 0.115,
   "grants_revolving": 6223018.0,
   "lea": "06730000",
   "of": 6,
   "per_pupil": 22664.0,
   "rank": 2,
   "total": 54106517.0
  },
  {
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "fte_in_district": 2895.8,
   "fte_total": 3053.2,
   "fy": 2025,
   "gen_fund": 58828904.0,
   "grant_share": 0.105,
   "grants_revolving": 6899891.0,
   "lea": "07350000",
   "of": 6,
   "per_pupil": 21528.0,
   "rank": 3,
   "total": 65728795.0
  },
  {
   "district": "Ayer Shirley School District",
   "fte_in_district": 1711.7,
   "fte_total": 1887.6,
   "fy": 2025,
   "gen_fund": 32386190.0,
   "grant_share": 0.1601,
   "grants_revolving": 6175391.0,
   "lea": "06160000",
   "of": 6,
   "per_pupil": 20428.0,
   "rank": 4,
   "total": 38561581.0
  },
  {
   "district": "Ashburnham-Westminster",
   "fte_in_district": 2219.8,
   "fte_total": 2283.8,
   "fy": 2025,
   "gen_fund": 37110284.0,
   "grant_share": 0.1043,
   "grants_revolving": 4322411.0,
   "lea": "06100000",
   "of": 6,
   "per_pupil": 18142.0,
   "rank": 5,
   "total": 41432696.0
  },
  {
   "district": "Lunenburg",
   "fte_in_district": 1568.9,
   "fte_total": 1665.9,
   "fy": 2025,
   "gen_fund": 26986344.0,
   "grant_share": 0.1014,
   "grants_revolving": 3044898.0,
   "lea": "01620000",
   "of": 6,
   "per_pupil": 18027.0,
   "rank": 6,
   "total": 30031242.0
  }
 ],
 "lunenburg_denominator": {
  "at_old_enrolment": 16377,
  "denominator_share": 0.2224,
  "from_fy": 2009,
  "per_pupil_change": 7422.0,
  "per_pupil_from": 10605.0,
  "per_pupil_to": 18027.0,
  "pupils_from": 1833.8,
  "pupils_pct": -0.0916,
  "pupils_to": 1665.9,
  "spend_from": 19446453.0,
  "spend_pct": 0.5443,
  "spend_to": 30031242.0,
  "to_fy": 2025
 },
 "mcas": [
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.869,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.743,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.741,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.718,
   "district": "Harvard",
   "fy": 2023,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.614,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.441,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.654,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.436,
   "district": "Lunenburg",
   "fy": 2023,
   "is_lunenburg": true
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.588,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.433,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.49,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.413,
   "district": "Ashburnham-Westminster",
   "fy": 2023,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.698,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.462,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.487,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.409,
   "district": "Ayer Shirley School District",
   "fy": 2023,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.874,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.613,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.874,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.599,
   "district": "Groton-Dunstable",
   "fy": 2023,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.667,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.446,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.458,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.359,
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "fy": 2023,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.943,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.697,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.876,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.663,
   "district": "Harvard",
   "fy": 2024,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.667,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.394,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.605,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.458,
   "district": "Lunenburg",
   "fy": 2024,
   "is_lunenburg": true
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.611,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.378,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.556,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.41,
   "district": "Ashburnham-Westminster",
   "fy": 2024,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.736,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.404,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.481,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.379,
   "district": "Ayer Shirley School District",
   "fy": 2024,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.793,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.53,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.823,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.576,
   "district": "Groton-Dunstable",
   "fy": 2024,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.624,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.364,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.46,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.356,
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "fy": 2024,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.867,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.708,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.8,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.646,
   "district": "Harvard",
   "fy": 2025,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.57,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.459,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.509,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.462,
   "district": "Lunenburg",
   "fy": 2025,
   "is_lunenburg": true
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.581,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.399,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.473,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.397,
   "district": "Ashburnham-Westminster",
   "fy": 2025,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.57,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.406,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.378,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.387,
   "district": "Ayer Shirley School District",
   "fy": 2025,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.754,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.59,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.737,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.579,
   "district": "Groton-Dunstable",
   "fy": 2025,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  },
  {
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.567,
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.406,
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.441,
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds": 0.364,
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "fy": 2025,
   "is_lunenburg": false
  }
 ],
 "mcas_meta": {
  "first_fy": 2023,
  "last_fy": 2025,
  "measures": [
   "ELA Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds",
   "ELA Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds",
   "Math Grade 10 % Meets or Exceeds",
   "Math Grades 3-8 % Meets or Exceeds"
  ],
  "years": [
   2023,
   2024,
   2025
  ]
 },
 "minutes": {
  "held": 12015,
  "image_scan": 3096,
  "searchable": 8899,
  "searchable_share": 0.7407,
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 },
 "not_established": [
  "That spending more would change results, or that spending less has changed them. Nothing on this page tests it, and nothing in this archive could: the six districts differ in low-income share from 9.7% to 33.2% of their students, and a six-district cross-section cannot separate that from anything else.",
  "What DESE\u2019s per-pupil figure buys. It is dollars over a pupil count. A function line is not a service, a paraprofessional FTE is not a person, and neither is a class size.",
  "Whether Lunenburg\u2019s figure is a choice or a constraint. The town has a levy limit and two failed overrides; the district has a budget it proposes and a Town Meeting that votes it. This measure is the outcome of all of that at once and cannot be attributed to any part of it.",
  "That the six districts here are the right six. The set is ours \u2014 DESE\u2019s own workbook covers all 421 districts and this archive extracts six for size \u2014 and no document records the criterion. That is why every headline on this page is against the statewide distribution rather than against the six.",
  "That the FY2026 Chapter 70 figures and the FY2025 spending figures describe the same year. They do not, and they are never differenced: one is a budgeted formula calculation and the other is what districts reported after the year closed."
 ],
 "not_this_page": "Not the school appropriation, and not what a Lunenburg household pays. DESE counts all funds \u2014 grants, revolving funds, school choice, gifts \u2014 and counts town-paid insurance and retirement attributed to the schools. The difference between this and the town\u2019s budget is two definitions, not hidden money.",
 "regionalisation": {
  "ayer_last_fy": 2011,
  "ayer_shirley_first_fy": 2012
 },
 "said": [
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-01-24-minutes-6375.txt",
   "date": "2024-01-24",
   "key": "bottom-ten",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "According to Massachusetts State reports Lunenburg per pupil expenditure is listed 361 out of 401 districts in Massachusetts. This means that we're in the top 20% for school performance while being in the bottom 10% for spending",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01242024-6375",
   "who": "public comment",
   "why": "The claim this page was built to check, made at a School Committee meeting about proposed cuts. The spending half checks out on DESE\u2019s own distribution \u2014 see the rank below, on a different district count. The performance half cannot be checked here: this archive holds MCAS for six districts and no statewide distribution of it."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-01-24-minutes-6375.txt",
   "date": "2024-01-24",
   "key": "little-per-pupil",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "Lunenburg has a long and well established history of spending little per pupil and still having an amazing school district",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01242024-6375",
   "who": "public comment",
   "why": "The long half of this is measurable and it holds: Lunenburg has been in the bottom quarter of Massachusetts districts by total per-pupil spending in every one of the seventeen years DESE publishes here."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-02-07-minutes-6395.txt",
   "date": "2024-02-07",
   "key": "printout",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "As a visual my co mment is written on a print out of school per pupil expenditures for every district in Massachusetts ranked from those spending the most to the least. Lunenburg is highlighted on the last pa",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_02072024-6395",
   "who": "the president of the Lunenburg Education Association",
   "why": "The same measurement, held up at a meeting as a printed page. It is the reason this page exists at an address rather than in a spreadsheet."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-02-07-minutes-6395.txt",
   "date": "2024-02-07",
   "key": "materials",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "Teachers have learned to spend school budgeted money at the start of the y ear otherwise they and their students are penalized because a frozen budget in November means an inability to purchase needed materia ls later in the school year. Teachers and parents donate supplies",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_02072024-6395",
   "who": "the president of the Lunenburg Education Association",
   "why": "Said in the same year the instructional materials, equipment and technology line is the figure below. The two are printed together because a reader with this concern will find the number anyway. It is not evidence that one caused the other, and nothing here tests that."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-10-16-minutes-6830.txt",
   "date": "2024-10-16",
   "key": "sharing-pd",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "The North Middlesex superintendent reached out to me about potentially sharing resources as we have done in the past. Professional development with north Middlesex, they were looking for other opportunities to share resources",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_10162024-6830",
   "who": "the Superintendent of Schools",
   "why": "Said about the line this page finds the lowest in the set, and it is the district doing the obvious sensible thing about it. A district spending $48 a pupil on professional development that is sharing it with a neighbour is a different fact from one that is not, and neither the DESE figure nor this page could have told you which."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2026-02-04-minutes-7634.txt",
   "date": "2026-02-04",
   "key": "grant-pd",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "the remaining $17,000 will be dedicated to contracted professional development. This week our legislators have approved one-time earmarked funds, $36,000 is going toward touch view screens at the Primary School, $7,000 will fund IXL for our middle school students",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_02042026-7634",
   "who": "the Superintendent of Schools",
   "why": "Rule 11 made concrete, in the district\u2019s own words. This is grant money buying professional development and materials \u2014 the two lines this page finds furthest below the state. DESE counts it in the totals here, the town\u2019s appropriation does not, and neither source says how much of either line is grant-funded in any given year."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2026-06-24-minutes-7869.txt",
   "date": "2026-06-24",
   "key": "outcomes",
   "kind": "Minutes",
   "quote": "neighboring districts such as Lancaster, Ayer/Shirley, Groton, Pepperell, Townsend, Leominster, and Fitchburg have faced similar challenges while achieving stronger outcomes",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_06242026-7869",
   "who": "public comment",
   "why": "The comparison run the other way, after the override failed. Two of the districts named are in the set below. The MCAS section prints what this archive holds for all six and says plainly that nothing in it tests any relation to spending."
  }
 ],
 "searched": [
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  {
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  },
  {
   "documents": 0,
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  }
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}