{
 "about": "Lunenburg\u2019s homes and the tax bill: how many there are, what the average one is worth and pays, year by year and against the neighbours \u2014 and, behind that, how long the owners have been here and what a long-held home pays.",
 "bills": {
  "bill_pct_income": 0.1555,
  "first_fy": 1988,
  "last_fy": 2026,
  "neighbour_median_bill": 7999.0,
  "neighbours": [
   {
    "bill": 14562.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.16690000000000002,
    "income_per_capita": 87251.0,
    "parcels": 1708,
    "rank": 22,
    "rate": 15.86976375172462,
    "town": "Harvard",
    "value": 917594.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 11253.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1209,
    "income_per_capita": 93044.0,
    "parcels": 3284,
    "rank": 50,
    "rate": 14.779586754716385,
    "town": "Groton",
    "value": 761388.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 11171.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1374,
    "income_per_capita": 81289.0,
    "parcels": 6529,
    "rank": 52,
    "rate": 13.109625147572766,
    "town": "Westford",
    "value": 852122.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 10800.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1456,
    "income_per_capita": 74176.0,
    "parcels": 3110,
    "rank": 55,
    "rate": 14.01949228668304,
    "town": "Littleton",
    "value": 770356.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 9373.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.2072,
    "income_per_capita": 45231.0,
    "parcels": 2114,
    "rank": 83,
    "rate": 16.899524188153926,
    "town": "Lancaster",
    "value": 554631.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 7444.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1555,
    "income_per_capita": 47872.0,
    "parcels": 3645,
    "rank": 145,
    "rate": 14.390213726763786,
    "town": "Lunenburg",
    "value": 517296.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6625.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1406,
    "income_per_capita": 47119.0,
    "parcels": 1741,
    "rank": 185,
    "rate": 11.589380803437106,
    "town": "Ayer",
    "value": 571644.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6490.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.16649999999999998,
    "income_per_capita": 38986.0,
    "parcels": 1588,
    "rank": 191,
    "rate": 12.39005969756036,
    "town": "Shirley",
    "value": 523807.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6489.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.184,
    "income_per_capita": 35270.0,
    "parcels": 8317,
    "rank": 192,
    "rate": 13.66044869595239,
    "town": "Leominster",
    "value": 475021.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6459.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1531,
    "income_per_capita": 42197.0,
    "parcels": 2934,
    "rank": 194,
    "rate": 13.75065730228241,
    "town": "Townsend",
    "value": 469723.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 5189.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.2032,
    "income_per_capita": 25531.0,
    "parcels": 6657,
    "rank": 270,
    "rate": 13.289998053498069,
    "town": "Fitchburg",
    "value": 390444.0
   }
  ],
  "of": 11,
  "position": 6,
  "rows": [
   {
    "bill": 1179.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1988,
    "parcels": 3443,
    "rank": 174,
    "rate": 17.80590207508986,
    "value": 66214.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 1565.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1990,
    "parcels": 2751,
    "rank": 149,
    "rate": 10.272399081063341,
    "value": 152350.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 1637.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1991,
    "parcels": 2791,
    "rank": 136,
    "rate": 10.919666740042558,
    "value": 149913.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 1683.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1992,
    "parcels": 2812,
    "rank": 166,
    "rate": 13.180358681180985,
    "value": 127690.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 1771.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1993,
    "parcels": 2840,
    "rank": 159,
    "rate": 14.430402437931344,
    "value": 122727.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 1864.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1994,
    "parcels": 2872,
    "rank": 157,
    "rate": 15.186944442181249,
    "value": 122737.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 1956.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1995,
    "parcels": 2914,
    "rank": 150,
    "rate": 16.03239264608247,
    "value": 122003.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2044.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1996,
    "parcels": 2946,
    "rank": 144,
    "rate": 16.59724083051164,
    "value": 123153.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2328.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1997,
    "parcels": 2989,
    "rank": 118,
    "rate": 18.45963540634193,
    "value": 126113.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2357.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1998,
    "parcels": 3036,
    "rank": 124,
    "rate": 18.162063863888548,
    "value": 129776.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2411.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 1999,
    "parcels": 3072,
    "rank": 128,
    "rate": 17.80084611238676,
    "value": 135443.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2528.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 2000,
    "parcels": 3103,
    "rank": 129,
    "rate": 16.620316496058592,
    "value": 152103.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2651.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 2001,
    "parcels": 3174,
    "rank": 132,
    "rate": 15.951045753207056,
    "value": 166196.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2814.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 2002,
    "parcels": 3201,
    "rank": 138,
    "rate": 15.598410225994025,
    "value": 180403.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 2985.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 2003,
    "parcels": 3249,
    "rank": 139,
    "rate": 13.118745522706197,
    "value": 227537.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 3445.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 2004,
    "parcels": 3283,
    "rank": 110,
    "rate": 14.199451806359871,
    "value": 242615.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 3538.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 2005,
    "parcels": 3325,
    "rank": 122,
    "rate": 13.340271179282988,
    "value": 265212.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 3767.0,
    "bill_pct_income": null,
    "fy": 2006,
    "parcels": 3362,
    "rank": 117,
    "rate": 12.410062462114222,
    "value": 303544.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 3690.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1358,
    "fy": 2007,
    "parcels": 3389,
    "rank": 140,
    "rate": 12.13101496158512,
    "value": 304179.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 3774.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1346,
    "fy": 2008,
    "parcels": 3389,
    "rank": 143,
    "rate": 12.228868424634008,
    "value": 308614.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 3895.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1286,
    "fy": 2009,
    "parcels": 3413,
    "rank": 144,
    "rate": 13.041498416269897,
    "value": 298662.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 3991.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.126,
    "fy": 2010,
    "parcels": 3418,
    "rank": 147,
    "rate": 14.199713942119534,
    "value": 281062.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 4064.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1231,
    "fy": 2011,
    "parcels": 3419,
    "rank": 150,
    "rate": 16.161037742226675,
    "value": 251469.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 4174.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1304,
    "fy": 2012,
    "parcels": 3426,
    "rank": 155,
    "rate": 16.82806666720422,
    "value": 248038.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 4287.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1371,
    "fy": 2013,
    "parcels": 3433,
    "rank": 156,
    "rate": 17.301917861294072,
    "value": 247776.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 4414.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.13449999999999998,
    "fy": 2014,
    "parcels": 3443,
    "rank": 155,
    "rate": 17.98908591479841,
    "value": 245371.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 4513.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1451,
    "fy": 2015,
    "parcels": 3451,
    "rank": 161,
    "rate": 18.319687270395015,
    "value": 246347.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 5039.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.15109999999999998,
    "fy": 2016,
    "parcels": 3472,
    "rank": 137,
    "rate": 19.609369223525015,
    "value": 256969.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 5338.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1591,
    "fy": 2017,
    "parcels": 3486,
    "rank": 130,
    "rate": 19.980909958638243,
    "value": 267155.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 5575.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1624,
    "fy": 2018,
    "parcels": 3514,
    "rank": 128,
    "rate": 19.699925087280384,
    "value": 282996.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 5770.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1635,
    "fy": 2019,
    "parcels": 3530,
    "rank": 127,
    "rate": 18.68136137588065,
    "value": 308864.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6024.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.163,
    "fy": 2020,
    "parcels": 3543,
    "rank": 119,
    "rate": 18.120181562775418,
    "value": 332447.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6233.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1636,
    "fy": 2021,
    "parcels": 3558,
    "rank": 120,
    "rate": 17.739741232588983,
    "value": 351358.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6436.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1649,
    "fy": 2022,
    "parcels": 3583,
    "rank": 134,
    "rate": 17.19053825936452,
    "value": 374392.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6874.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1685,
    "fy": 2023,
    "parcels": 3593,
    "rank": 125,
    "rate": 14.620399221549881,
    "value": 470165.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 6788.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.15410000000000001,
    "fy": 2024,
    "parcels": 3625,
    "rank": 149,
    "rate": 14.100042167185622,
    "value": 481417.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 7251.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1489,
    "fy": 2025,
    "parcels": 3635,
    "rank": 136,
    "rate": 14.360207312991522,
    "value": 504937.0
   },
   {
    "bill": 7444.0,
    "bill_pct_income": 0.1555,
    "fy": 2026,
    "parcels": 3645,
    "rank": 145,
    "rate": 14.390213726763786,
    "value": 517296.0
   }
  ],
  "since_first": {
   "bill_change": 5.3138252756573365,
   "rate_change": -0.19182899770658413,
   "value_change": 6.812486785271997
  },
  "span": 10,
  "span_from_fy": 2016,
  "statewide_of": 351,
  "statewide_rank": 145,
  "ten": {
   "bill_change": 0.47727723754713236,
   "bill_from": 5039.0,
   "bill_to": 7444.0,
   "rate_change": -0.26615621529018385,
   "rate_from": 19.609369223525015,
   "rate_to": 14.390213726763786,
   "value_change": 1.0130677241223651,
   "value_from": 256969.0,
   "value_to": 517296.0
  }
 },
 "census": {
  "2018": {
   "bands": [
    {
     "households": 100.0,
     "label": "2017 or later",
     "moe": 82.0,
     "share": 0.02877697841726619,
     "share_moe": 0.023527964435342053
    },
    {
     "households": 255.0,
     "label": "2015\u20132016",
     "moe": 118.0,
     "share": 0.07338129496402877,
     "share_moe": 0.03364334266556963
    },
    {
     "households": 538.0,
     "label": "2010\u20132014",
     "moe": 144.0,
     "share": 0.1548201438848921,
     "share_moe": 0.040284567274675366
    },
    {
     "households": 1040.0,
     "label": "2000\u20132009",
     "moe": 181.0,
     "share": 0.2992805755395683,
     "share_moe": 0.04858482075724028
    },
    {
     "households": 567.0,
     "label": "1990\u20131999",
     "moe": 143.0,
     "share": 0.16316546762589929,
     "share_moe": 0.03985769415567613
    },
    {
     "households": 975.0,
     "label": "1989 or earlier",
     "moe": 158.0,
     "share": 0.2805755395683453,
     "share_moe": 0.04192242381046697
    }
   ],
   "before_2010": {
    "households": 2582.0,
    "moe": 279.5961373123742,
    "share": 0.7430215827338129
   },
   "median_moved_in": 2002,
   "owners": 3475.0,
   "owners_moe": 218.0,
   "sha256": "36a1de061c7c3647aabb33127548c367dd5b3e46b6d82629061a5b923f0968f2",
   "since_1980s": {
    "households": 975.0,
    "moe": 158.0,
    "share": 0.2805755395683453
   },
   "source_file": "acs5-2018-B25038-lunenburg.json",
   "vintage": 2018,
   "window": "2014\u20132018"
  },
  "2023": {
   "bands": [
    {
     "households": 101.0,
     "label": "2021 or later",
     "moe": 76.0,
     "share": 0.027430744160782183,
     "share_moe": 0.02050195348161688
    },
    {
     "households": 698.0,
     "label": "2018\u20132020",
     "moe": 219.0,
     "share": 0.18957088538837588,
     "share_moe": 0.05713630136677472
    },
    {
     "households": 1084.0,
     "label": "2010\u20132017",
     "moe": 289.0,
     "share": 0.29440521455730584,
     "share_moe": 0.07417481319526079
    },
    {
     "households": 542.0,
     "label": "2000\u20132009",
     "moe": 170.0,
     "share": 0.14720260727865292,
     "share_moe": 0.04435119146368963
    },
    {
     "households": 621.0,
     "label": "1990\u20131999",
     "moe": 189.0,
     "share": 0.16865833785985876,
     "share_moe": 0.04917976879144408
    },
    {
     "households": 636.0,
     "label": "1989 or earlier",
     "moe": 153.0,
     "share": 0.17273221075502446,
     "share_moe": 0.03872882385400933
    }
   ],
   "before_2010": {
    "households": 1799.0,
    "moe": 296.6985001647295,
    "share": 0.48859315589353614
   },
   "median_moved_in": 2010,
   "owners": 3682.0,
   "owners_moe": 321.0,
   "sha256": "73be9c25b44efeb074413b402d7920933cbaab4efc6e81d9412be7ccb003f883",
   "since_1980s": {
    "households": 636.0,
    "moe": 153.0,
    "share": 0.17273221075502446
   },
   "source_file": "acs5-2023-B25038-lunenburg.json",
   "vintage": 2023,
   "window": "2019\u20132023"
  }
 },
 "conclusions": [
  {
   "basis": "DLS Average Single-Family Tax Bill (parcels, FY2026); MassGIS Level 3 parcels, FY2026; ACS B25003, 2019\u20132023.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "Lunenburg has 3,645 single-family homes on 5,303 parcels, and 81% of households own theirs.",
   "detail": "3,645 single-family parcels in the state\u2019s FY2026 count, 3,649 in the assessor\u2019s file; 5,303 parcels of every kind. 4,529 \u00b1 235 occupied households on the Census 2019\u20132023 sample, 3,682 \u00b1 321 of them owned and 847 \u00b1 189 rented.",
   "figure": "sf",
   "figures": {
    "fy": {
     "text": "FY2026",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2026
    },
    "hh": {
     "text": "4,529",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 4529.0
    },
    "hhmoe": {
     "text": "235",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 235.0
    },
    "own": {
     "text": "3,682",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 3682.0
    },
    "ownmoe": {
     "text": "321",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 321.0
    },
    "parcels": {
     "text": "5,303",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 5303
    },
    "rent": {
     "text": "847",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 847.0
    },
    "rentmoe": {
     "text": "189",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 189.0
    },
    "sf": {
     "text": "3,645",
     "unit": "single-family homes",
     "value": 3645
    },
    "sf2": {
     "text": "3,649",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 3649
    },
    "share": {
     "text": "81%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 81.2982998454405
    }
   },
   "id": "the-homes",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "2019\u20132023",
    "FY2026"
   ],
   "not_shown": "Condominiums, two- and three-family homes and apartments, which the single-family count leaves out.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "Four households in five own, so a change in the tax bill reaches most of the town directly."
  },
  {
   "basis": "DLS Average Single-Family Tax Bill, Lunenburg, FY1988\u2013FY2026; rate derived as bill \u00f7 value per $1,000.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "In ten years the average home\u2019s value rose 101% and the tax rate fell 27%; the bill rose 48%.",
   "detail": "FY2016 to FY2026: the average single-family value from $256,969 to $517,296, the effective rate from $19.61 to $14.39 per $1,000, the average bill from $5,039 to $7,444. Since FY1988, the first year the state publishes, the value is up 681% and the bill 531%. Proposition 2\u00bd caps how fast the LEVY grows; the rate is whatever divides that levy into the year\u2019s total value, so as values rise the rate falls and the bill does neither.",
   "figure": "bill",
   "figures": {
    "b0": {
     "text": "$5,039",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 5039.0
    },
    "b1": {
     "text": "$7,444",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 7444.0
    },
    "bill": {
     "text": "48%",
     "unit": "more on the average bill in ten years",
     "value": 47.72772375471324
    },
    "ff": {
     "text": "FY1988",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 1988
    },
    "fy0": {
     "text": "FY2016",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2016
    },
    "fy1": {
     "text": "FY2026",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2026
    },
    "r0": {
     "text": "$19.61",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 19.609369223525015
    },
    "r1": {
     "text": "$14.39",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 14.390213726763786
    },
    "rate": {
     "text": "27%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 26.615621529018384
    },
    "sb": {
     "text": "531%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 531.3825275657337
    },
    "sv": {
     "text": "681%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 681.2486785271997
    },
    "v0": {
     "text": "$256,969",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 256969.0
    },
    "v1": {
     "text": "$517,296",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 517296.0
    },
    "value": {
     "text": "101%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 101.30677241223651
    }
   },
   "id": "the-bill",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "2\u00bd",
    "$1,000"
   ],
   "not_shown": "Any one household\u2019s bill: this is the town-wide average home, and the exemptions and abatements a household may hold.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "Residents feel higher taxes and see a falling rate. Both are true: the levy is capped, values are not."
  },
  {
   "basis": "DLS Average Single-Family Tax Bill, FY2026, for Lunenburg and ten neighbours.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "At $7,444, Lunenburg\u2019s average bill is 6th of 11 nearby towns and cities \u2014 145th statewide.",
   "detail": "FY2026, DLS: Lunenburg $7,444 on an average home worth $517,296, ranked 145th of 351 municipalities. The towns above and below are in the table, with each one\u2019s bill as a share of its income per capita.",
   "figure": "bill",
   "figures": {
    "bill": {
     "text": "$7,444",
     "unit": "a year, the average single-family bill",
     "value": 7444.0
    },
    "fy": {
     "text": "FY2026",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2026
    },
    "med": {
     "text": "$7,999",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 7999.0
    },
    "of": {
     "text": "11",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 11
    },
    "pct": {
     "text": "16%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 15.55
    },
    "pos": {
     "text": "6th",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 6
    },
    "rank": {
     "text": "145th",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 145
    },
    "sw": {
     "text": "351",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 351
    },
    "value": {
     "text": "$517,296",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 517296.0
    }
   },
   "id": "the-neighbours",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "FY2026"
   ],
   "not_shown": "What each town gets for the bill \u2014 services, schools, debt \u2014 which the bill alone does not say.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "The bill takes 16% of income per capita here; the median of the ten neighbours is $7,999."
  },
  {
   "basis": "Census Bureau, ACS five-year estimates, tables B25038 and B25039, 2019\u20132023, Lunenburg town.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "1,799 of Lunenburg\u2019s owner households moved in before 2010 \u2014 about 49% of them.",
   "detail": "1,799 \u00b1 297 of 3,682 owner-occupied households, on the Census Bureau\u2019s 2019\u20132023 five-year sample; 636 \u00b1 153 have been in the house since 1989 or earlier. The median owner moved in in 2010.",
   "figure": "n",
   "figures": {
    "median": {
     "text": "2010",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2010
    },
    "moe": {
     "text": "297",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 296.6985001647295
    },
    "n": {
     "text": "1,799",
     "unit": "owner households",
     "value": 1799.0
    },
    "old": {
     "text": "636",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 636.0
    },
    "oldmoe": {
     "text": "153",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 153.0
    },
    "owners": {
     "text": "3,682",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 3682.0
    },
    "share": {
     "text": "49%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 48.85931558935361
    }
   },
   "id": "before-2010",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "2010",
    "1989",
    "1980s",
    "2019\u20132023",
    "B25038",
    "B25039"
   ],
   "not_shown": "Whether those households can afford the bill. The Census does not publish tenure against income for a town this size.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "Half the town\u2019s homeowners have been in the house since before 2010; a sixth since the 1980s."
  },
  {
   "basis": "MassGIS Level 3 parcels, Lunenburg, FY2026 assessing extract; bill = assessed value \u00d7 the FY2026 rate.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "A home last deeded before 1986 pays a median $5,992 a year; one deeded since 2021 pays $6,890.",
   "detail": "Every single-family parcel in the assessor\u2019s FY2026 file, 3,649 of them, at the $14.39 rate: median assessed value $416,400 for homes last deeded before 1986 against $478,800 for those deeded since 2021; the median price those older homes last sold for was $32,500. A house bought decades ago is taxed on what it is worth now, not on what it cost.",
   "figure": "old",
   "figures": {
    "fy": {
     "text": "FY2026",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2026
    },
    "n": {
     "text": "3,649",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 3649
    },
    "new": {
     "text": "$6,890",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 6889.932
    },
    "newval": {
     "text": "$478,800",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 478800.0
    },
    "old": {
     "text": "$5,992",
     "unit": "a year",
     "value": 5991.996
    },
    "oldval": {
     "text": "$416,400",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 416400.0
    },
    "rate": {
     "text": "$14.39",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 14.39
    },
    "ratio": {
     "text": "87%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 86.96741854636592
    },
    "sale": {
     "text": "$32,500",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 32500.0
    }
   },
   "id": "bill-by-tenure",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [
    "1986",
    "2021",
    "FY2026"
   ],
   "not_shown": "What any household earns, or whether the deed date is when they arrived: a third of deeds are nominal transfers that reset the date. Exemptions and abatements are not applied.",
   "see": [],
   "so_what": "The bill barely falls with tenure \u2014 long-held homes pay 87% of what newcomers pay."
  }
 ],
 "generated_by": "scripts/build_property_owners.py",
 "grain": "HOUSEHOLDS from the Census, a five-year sample with margins; PARCELS from the assessor, a count of single-family homes by last recorded deed, which is not the same as when the family arrived; DOLLARS from the town\u2019s own rate and values.",
 "not_established": [
  "Whether long-tenured owners are being taxed out \u2014 that needs tenure against income or against the bill, which neither the Census nor the assessor publishes together.",
  "Any one household\u2019s bill: exemptions, abatements and the split between land and building are not applied; every figure here is the average or the median home."
 ],
 "parcels": {
  "bands": [
   {
    "arm_length": 665,
    "homes": 1093,
    "label": "2021 or later",
    "median_bill": 6889.932,
    "median_sale_price": 460000.0,
    "median_value": 478800.0,
    "nominal_share": 0.39158279963403475,
    "share": 0.29953411893669496
   },
   {
    "arm_length": 615,
    "homes": 915,
    "label": "2016\u20132020",
    "median_bill": 6797.836,
    "median_sale_price": 320000.0,
    "median_value": 472400.0,
    "nominal_share": 0.3278688524590164,
    "share": 0.2507536311318169
   },
   {
    "arm_length": 280,
    "homes": 422,
    "label": "2011\u20132015",
    "median_bill": 7359.046,
    "median_sale_price": 254450.0,
    "median_value": 511400.0,
    "nominal_share": 0.3364928909952607,
    "share": 0.11564812277336256
   },
   {
    "arm_length": 185,
    "homes": 284,
    "label": "2006\u20132010",
    "median_bill": 6697.8255,
    "median_sale_price": 253000.0,
    "median_value": 465450.0,
    "nominal_share": 0.3485915492957746,
    "share": 0.07782954234036722
   },
   {
    "arm_length": 392,
    "homes": 528,
    "label": "1996\u20132005",
    "median_bill": 6904.322,
    "median_sale_price": 208030.0,
    "median_value": 479800.0,
    "nominal_share": 0.25757575757575757,
    "share": 0.14469717730885173
   },
   {
    "arm_length": 185,
    "homes": 232,
    "label": "1986\u20131995",
    "median_bill": 6674.8015,
    "median_sale_price": 125000.0,
    "median_value": 463850.0,
    "nominal_share": 0.2025862068965517,
    "share": 0.0635790627569197
   },
   {
    "arm_length": 114,
    "homes": 175,
    "label": "before 1986",
    "median_bill": 5991.996,
    "median_sale_price": 32500.0,
    "median_value": 416400.0,
    "nominal_share": 0.34857142857142853,
    "share": 0.04795834475198685
   }
  ],
  "earliest_band_bill_ratio": 0.8696741854636592,
  "fy": 2026,
  "held": [
   {
    "homes": 1641,
    "share": 0.44971224993148806,
    "years": 10
   },
   {
    "homes": 935,
    "share": 0.2562345848177583,
    "years": 20
   },
   {
    "homes": 407,
    "share": 0.11153740750890655,
    "years": 30
   }
  ],
  "median_bill": 6817.982,
  "median_value": 473800.0,
  "nominal": {
   "deeds": 1213,
   "share": 0.3324198410523431
  },
  "oldest_deed": 1947,
  "owner_in_town": {
   "homes": 3425,
   "share": 0.9386133187174568
  },
  "parcels": 5303,
  "rate": 14.39,
  "single_family": 3649
 },
 "sources": [
  {
   "bytes": 1344,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-census/acs5-2023-B25038-lunenburg.json",
   "note": "Tenure by year the householder moved in",
   "path": "sources/state-census/acs5-2023-B25038-lunenburg.json",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "sha256": "73be9c25b44efeb074413b402d7920933cbaab4efc6e81d9412be7ccb003f883",
   "table": "B25038, 2019\u20132023",
   "url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2023/acs/acs5"
  },
  {
   "bytes": 388,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-census/acs5-2023-B25039-lunenburg.json",
   "note": "Median year the householder moved in",
   "path": "sources/state-census/acs5-2023-B25039-lunenburg.json",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "sha256": "1d0c101fc30e8809d767a09e66180a36080f86e915ae1e61d13001032716bfe2",
   "table": "B25039, 2019\u20132023",
   "url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2023/acs/acs5"
  },
  {
   "bytes": 1344,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-census/acs5-2018-B25038-lunenburg.json",
   "note": "Tenure by year the householder moved in",
   "path": "sources/state-census/acs5-2018-B25038-lunenburg.json",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "sha256": "36a1de061c7c3647aabb33127548c367dd5b3e46b6d82629061a5b923f0968f2",
   "table": "B25038, 2014\u20132018",
   "url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2018/acs/acs5"
  },
  {
   "bytes": 388,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-census/acs5-2018-B25039-lunenburg.json",
   "note": "Median year the householder moved in",
   "path": "sources/state-census/acs5-2018-B25039-lunenburg.json",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "sha256": "698572dc1ff0026f025c5b42cccf957bbd182fdde8d43089460a81f2f1d592bc",
   "table": "B25039, 2014\u20132018",
   "url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2018/acs/acs5"
  },
  {
   "bytes": 40358,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dls/AvgSingleFamTaxBill.xlsx",
   "note": "Every town\u2019s single-family parcels, average value, average bill, the bill as a share of value and of income, and rank \u2014 exported from the DLS Gateway by script.",
   "path": "sources/state-dls/AvgSingleFamTaxBill.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts DOR, Division of Local Services",
   "sha256": "529481c165e85504b22d93f83487d0013b745c446f66b8484bc7dc522ff5b73b",
   "table": "Average Single-Family Tax Bill, FY1988\u2013FY2026",
   "url": "https://dls-gw.dor.state.ma.us/reports/rdPage.aspx?rdReport=AverageSingleTaxBill.SingleFamTaxBill_wRange&rdReportFormat=NativeExcel&rdExportTableID=tblSinglefamtaxbill&rdExportFilename=AvgSingleFamTaxBill&rdShowGridlines=True&rdExcelOutputFormat=Excel2007"
  },
  {
   "bytes": 1697201,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-massgis/L3_SHP_M162_LUNENBURG.zip",
   "note": "Level 3 parcels: the assessor\u2019s FY2026 values, use codes and last recorded deed for every parcel. Owner names are in the file and are not used here.",
   "path": "sources/state-massgis/L3_SHP_M162_LUNENBURG.zip",
   "publisher": "MassGIS, Commonwealth of Massachusetts",
   "sha256": "cb0e39d142b1b353d114cc9dc1dc89be5e11b467f974228aaa94ee7e6d6ca69d",
   "table": "FY2026 assessing extract",
   "url": "https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/download.massgis.digital.mass.gov/shapefiles/l3parcels/L3_SHP_M162_LUNENBURG.zip"
  }
 ],
 "tenure": {
  "households": 4529.0,
  "households_moe": 235.0,
  "owner_share": 0.8129829984544049,
  "owners": 3682.0,
  "owners_moe": 321.0,
  "renters": 847.0,
  "renters_moe": 189.0,
  "window": "2019\u20132023"
 }
}