{
 "about": "The biggest single change in who Lunenburg\u2019s schools employ: fewest paraprofessionals per pupil in its comparison group to most, the general education half that grew as the special education half halved, and the budget lines underneath.",
 "closes": "DESE\u2019s End of Year Financial Report, Schedule 1, as Lunenburg files it, which separates spending by fund and is the document that would say which fund pays which post \u2014 and without which a line rising because the district added staff cannot be told from a line rising because a grant that had been paying for them ended.",
 "conclusions": [
  {
   "basis": "DESE\u2019s own staffing and enrolment files for Lunenburg and for the districts on its published comparison sheet, FY2009\u2013FY2025. State figures, printed by the state \u2014 not the town\u2019s rosters, which carry no hours, and not a budget line.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "Rise in paraprofessionals for each hundred pupils, the biggest change in staffing",
   "detail": "Paraprofessionals are the biggest change in who Lunenburg\u2019s schools employ: the state\u2019s count went from 0.94 per hundred pupils in FY2013, the lowest of the 13 districts on the state\u2019s own sheet, to 4.27 in FY2025, the highest. 14.8 full-time equivalents in FY2013 and 67.0 in FY2025 \u2014 a rise of 352.7% over years in which in-district enrolment fell 0.8%. Nothing else in this archive could have told a resident that: the town prints staff rosters every year and they carry names without hours, so the state\u2019s file is the only place the size of the shift is visible.",
   "figure": "fte_rise",
   "figures": {
    "districts": {
     "text": "13",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 13
    },
    "enrolment_move": {
     "text": "0.8%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 0.7653383934218772
    },
    "fte_rise": {
     "text": "352.7%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 352.7027027027027
    },
    "last_fte": {
     "text": "67.0",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 67.0
    },
    "last_fy": {
     "text": "FY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2025
    },
    "last_ratio": {
     "text": "4.27",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 4.270507999235132
    },
    "last_year": {
     "text": "FY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2025
    },
    "low_fte": {
     "text": "14.8",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 14.8
    },
    "low_fy": {
     "text": "FY2013",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2013
    },
    "low_ratio": {
     "text": "0.94",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 0.9361163820366857
    },
    "trough_fy": {
     "text": "FY2013",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2013
    }
   },
   "id": "the-change-is-paraprofessionals",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [],
   "not_shown": "Whether any of this is about children. An FTE count is staff: not a count of students with disabilities, not one-to-one assignments, not hours delivered. And DESE counts staff paid from grants, circuit breaker reimbursement and revolving funds alongside those the town appropriates, so this series cannot say who pays for the rise \u2014 DESE\u2019s End of Year Financial Report, which separates spending by fund, is what would.",
   "see": [
    {
     "label": "what special education costs",
     "slug": "/what-special-education-costs"
    },
    {
     "label": "what other districts spend",
     "slug": "/what-other-districts-spend"
    }
   ],
   "so_what": "Lunenburg went from the lowest on the state\u2019s comparison sheet to the highest."
  },
  {
   "basis": "Two DESE files over the years both publish: the district comparison sheet\u2019s all-programmes paraprofessional FTE, and the special education staff table, whose rate is recomputed from its own FTE and child count on every build and published only where it reproduces. The difference between them is derived here and is labelled as derived.",
   "bearing": "sizes",
   "claim": "Rise in paraprofessional FTE the state does not code to special education, FY2020 to FY2025",
   "detail": "Two of the state\u2019s files count Lunenburg\u2019s paraprofessionals and they move in opposite directions. All programmes: 57.0 full-time equivalents to 67.0. Special education: 44.0 to 20.0. The difference between them goes from 13.0 to 47.0 \u2014 a rise of 34.0. That is a 54.5% fall in the special education count against a 17.5% rise in the all-programmes one, over years in which the number of children with a special education plan went from 244 to 238. It is not one noisy year: the special education line falls at every one of the 5 steps and the difference rises at every one. WHAT IT IS NOT is a measurement of anybody moving jobs \u2014 these are two DESE files with two definitions, and subtracting one from the other assumes the second sits inside the first, which nothing published says. A district reassigning paraprofessionals, a district recoding them, and DESE changing what its special education table counts all produce this shape.",
   "figure": "implied_rise",
   "figures": {
    "all_first": {
     "text": "57.0",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 57.0
    },
    "all_last": {
     "text": "67.0",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 67.0
    },
    "all_pct": {
     "text": "17.5%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 17.543859649122805
    },
    "first_fy": {
     "text": "FY2020",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2020
    },
    "implied_first": {
     "text": "13.0",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 13.0
    },
    "implied_last": {
     "text": "47.0",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 47.0
    },
    "implied_rise": {
     "text": "34.0",
     "unit": "full-time paraprofessional posts",
     "value": 34.0
    },
    "last_fy": {
     "text": "FY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2025
    },
    "sped_first": {
     "text": "44.0",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 44.0
    },
    "sped_last": {
     "text": "20.0",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 20.0
    },
    "sped_pct": {
     "text": "54.5%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 54.54545454545454
    },
    "steps": {
     "text": "5",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 5
    },
    "swd_first": {
     "text": "244",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 244
    },
    "swd_last": {
     "text": "238",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 238
    }
   },
   "id": "paraprofessionals-outside-special-education",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [],
   "not_shown": "That anybody was reassigned, hired or cut. Three readings fit these numbers equally well and this archive cannot separate them: paraprofessionals moved onto general education assignments; the same people were recoded; or DESE changed what its special education staff table counts. Nor does it show who pays \u2014 the state counts staff on grants, circuit breaker reimbursement and revolving funds exactly like staff the town appropriates.",
   "see": [
    {
     "label": "how many children are on a plan",
     "slug": "/how-many-students-are-on-an-iep"
    },
    {
     "label": "what special education costs",
     "slug": "/what-special-education-costs"
    }
   ],
   "so_what": "The paraprofessional workforce grew while its special education half more than halved."
  },
  {
   "basis": "Two panels of five budget lines each, out of the district\u2019s own budget books at one stage across their whole run, compared only over the years both panels report. The paraprofessional panel is reconciled against the district\u2019s own five-school aggregation of the same figures, and the comparison is published in this payload rather than swallowed. A budget book restating itself is a document the district assembled, not an accounting printout.",
   "bearing": "lever",
   "claim": "Rise in what the schools budget for special education paraprofessionals",
   "detail": "Inside special education the money went to paraprofessionals: those 5 budget lines rose 108.4% over FY2017 to FY2025, while the 5 special education teacher lines rose 20.1%. $597,464 to $1,244,894 against $1,537,583 to $1,846,499, both panels read at the restated stage over the 9 years both of them cover. These are NET general fund lines \u2014 what the town has to raise after grants, circuit breaker reimbursement and revolving funds have paid their share \u2014 so the same rise appears whether the district added paraprofessionals or a grant that had been paying for them ended and the cost landed on the town. Which of the two it is matters: this is the line this project\u2019s own in-district special education escalator is built on.",
   "figure": "para_pct",
   "figures": {
    "lines": {
     "text": "5",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 5
    },
    "para_first": {
     "text": "$597,464",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 597464.0
    },
    "para_last": {
     "text": "$1,244,894",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 1244894.0
    },
    "para_pct": {
     "text": "108.4%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 108.36301434061299
    },
    "span": {
     "text": "FY2017 to FY2025",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 2017
    },
    "teacher_first": {
     "text": "$1,537,583",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 1537583.0
    },
    "teacher_last": {
     "text": "$1,846,499",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 1846499.0
    },
    "teacher_pct": {
     "text": "20.1%",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 20.091012972958207
    },
    "years": {
     "text": "9",
     "unit": "",
     "value": 9
    }
   },
   "id": "inside-sped-the-money-went-to-paraprofessionals",
   "kind": "measured",
   "literals": [],
   "not_shown": "That anybody was hired. A budget line is dollars: not a post, not a person, not an hour \u2014 a line rising and a line paying more for the same people are the same number on the page. Nor does it show what special education cost, because these lines are net of every fund but the general fund.",
   "see": [
    {
     "label": "what special education costs",
     "slug": "/what-special-education-costs"
    },
    {
     "label": "what happens when a grant stops",
     "slug": "/when-grants-end"
    }
   ],
   "so_what": "Special education teacher lines rose a fifth as fast. Inside this budget, the money went to paraprofessionals."
  }
 ],
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 "generated_by": "scripts/build_staffing_charts.py",
 "grain": "Paraprofessional FTE as the state counts it, from two DESE files with two definitions \u2014 set beside NET general fund budget lines, which are dollars and not posts. The two are never divided by one another.",
 "minutes": {
  "first_date": "2009-01-05",
  "held": 12015,
  "image_scan": 3096,
  "last_date": "2026-11-17",
  "published": 12065,
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 "not_established": [
  "Who pays for any of it. DESE counts staff paid from grants, circuit breaker reimbursement and revolving funds alongside those the town appropriates, so the arrival and the ending of the federal ESSER money \u2014 thirteen positions by the Finance Committee\u2019s own account \u2014 are both invisible in this series.",
  "Whether Lunenburg\u2019s paraprofessionals moved out of special education or were recoded. The state\u2019s all-programmes count rises over the same years its special education count more than halves, and the two are different files with different definitions. A reassignment, a recoding and a change in what the state\u2019s table counts all fit."
 ],
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     "teachers_per_100": 8.0565019875071
    },
    {
     "fy": 2023,
     "paras_per_100": 1.069366222285592,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.576317102730448
    },
    {
     "fy": 2024,
     "paras_per_100": 0.911129800953182,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.333333333333334
    },
    {
     "fy": 2025,
     "paras_per_100": 1.186653636744381,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.306575457210666
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "district": "North Middlesex",
   "first_fy": 2009,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "points": [
    {
     "fy": 2009,
     "paras_per_100": 2.173602853745541,
     "teachers_per_100": 6.81807372175981
    },
    {
     "fy": 2010,
     "paras_per_100": 2.0316027088036117,
     "teachers_per_100": 6.666503091569339
    },
    {
     "fy": 2011,
     "paras_per_100": 2.1541834497527153,
     "teachers_per_100": 6.824555141997655
    },
    {
     "fy": 2012,
     "paras_per_100": 1.9574648185377208,
     "teachers_per_100": 6.46756956935774
    },
    {
     "fy": 2013,
     "paras_per_100": 2.368923318738071,
     "teachers_per_100": 7.014146177164028
    },
    {
     "fy": 2014,
     "paras_per_100": 2.704857522515872,
     "teachers_per_100": 7.842905654805848
    },
    {
     "fy": 2015,
     "paras_per_100": 2.8197443268701448,
     "teachers_per_100": 7.838399902134687
    },
    {
     "fy": 2016,
     "paras_per_100": 2.725167348751626,
     "teachers_per_100": 7.90901303892643
    },
    {
     "fy": 2017,
     "paras_per_100": 3.1766739506213106,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.205864127066958
    },
    {
     "fy": 2018,
     "paras_per_100": 3.1426692965154506,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.182117028270875
    },
    {
     "fy": 2019,
     "paras_per_100": 3.0870859086301055,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.031655711435953
    },
    {
     "fy": 2020,
     "paras_per_100": 2.887863825363825,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.036642411642411
    },
    {
     "fy": 2021,
     "paras_per_100": 2.8260869565217392,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.371290545203589
    },
    {
     "fy": 2022,
     "paras_per_100": 2.82286054275609,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.055399464515915
    },
    {
     "fy": 2023,
     "paras_per_100": 2.875474486882327,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.367765124794248
    },
    {
     "fy": 2024,
     "paras_per_100": 3.1500016737522176,
     "teachers_per_100": 8.017273122886888
    },
    {
     "fy": 2025,
     "paras_per_100": 3.111402721182402,
     "teachers_per_100": 7.894191587816838
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "district": "Sizer School: A North Central Charter Essential (District)",
   "first_fy": 2019,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "points": [
    {
     "fy": 2019,
     "paras_per_100": 1.2637362637362637,
     "teachers_per_100": 11.043956043956046
    },
    {
     "fy": 2020,
     "paras_per_100": 1.226309921962096,
     "teachers_per_100": 11.148272017837234
    },
    {
     "fy": 2021,
     "paras_per_100": 0.9500542888165039,
     "teachers_per_100": 10.504885993485344
    },
    {
     "fy": 2022,
     "paras_per_100": 0.9909399773499434,
     "teachers_per_100": 11.466591166477917
    },
    {
     "fy": 2023,
     "paras_per_100": 1.4942528735632183,
     "teachers_per_100": 10.258620689655174
    },
    {
     "fy": 2024,
     "paras_per_100": 2.2609819121447026,
     "teachers_per_100": 10.045219638242893
    },
    {
     "fy": 2025,
     "paras_per_100": 1.9956458635703918,
     "teachers_per_100": 11.357039187227866
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "district": "TEC Connections Academy Commonwealth Virtual School District",
   "first_fy": 2019,
   "is_lunenburg": false,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "points": [
    {
     "fy": 2019,
     "paras_per_100": 0.6283662477558348,
     "teachers_per_100": 3.689407540394973
    },
    {
     "fy": 2020,
     "paras_per_100": 0.5770340450086555,
     "teachers_per_100": 2.9206800124284253
    },
    {
     "fy": 2023,
     "paras_per_100": 0.0,
     "teachers_per_100": 4.0510713436789025
    },
    {
     "fy": 2024,
     "paras_per_100": 0.0,
     "teachers_per_100": 4.2732132520685076
    },
    {
     "fy": 2025,
     "paras_per_100": 0.03371998920960345,
     "teachers_per_100": 4.302670623145401
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "said": [
  {
   "board": "Finance Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/finance-committee/2026-01-27-minutes-7619.txt",
   "date": "2026-01-27",
   "key": "chair-staffing-up",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "really irritates me when we say things like we're cutting staff when the data shows that staffing has gone up almost every year in the last 10 years",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01272026-7619",
   "why": "The Finance Committee chair, at the Tri-Board meeting, showing a chart of school staffing FY16 to FY25. His chart is HEADCOUNT and this page is FTE, so the two are not the same measurement \u2014 but the direction he describes is in the state\u2019s FTE series too."
  },
  {
   "board": "Finance Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/finance-committee/2026-01-27-minutes-7619.txt",
   "date": "2026-01-27",
   "key": "composition-not-headcount",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "the more relevant data point is the composition of staff, not total headcount",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01272026-7619",
   "why": "The School Committee chair, in the same exchange. This page is the composition, and it is here because he asked for it in the room."
  },
  {
   "board": "Finance Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/finance-committee/2026-01-27-minutes-7619.txt",
   "date": "2026-01-27",
   "key": "need-has-risen",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "the student population's needs have increased substantially, with more students on IEPs, more English language learners, and more students entering below benchmark, meaning that even flat staffing represents a reduction in effective capacity",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01272026-7619",
   "why": "The School Committee vice-chair, in the same paragraph. Every quantity she names except \u201cbelow benchmark\u201d is published by DESE and is plotted here."
  },
  {
   "board": "Finance Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/finance-committee/2026-01-27-minutes-7619.txt",
   "date": "2026-01-27",
   "key": "cuts-by-subject",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "the loss of the Bridge Program, the TLC and Transition programs, and cuts across special education, music, physical education, world language, math, and science",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01272026-7619",
   "why": "A seventeen-year district employee, in public comment at the same meeting, naming the subjects. Four of the six she names move in the state\u2019s file over FY2024\u2013FY2026; mathematics moves the other way."
  },
  {
   "board": "Finance Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/finance-committee/2026-01-27-minutes-7619.txt",
   "date": "2026-01-27",
   "key": "turkey-hill-split",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "her position had been changed from full-time fourth grade special education teacher to split between special education and an MTSS interventionist",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01272026-7619",
   "why": "A teacher at the school this page finds carrying the district\u2019s whole net fall in teacher FTE, describing one post becoming two part-posts. DESE counts FTE per ASSIGNMENT, which is exactly what that produces."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2025-12-17-minutes-7572.txt",
   "date": "2025-12-17",
   "key": "ell-count",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "we currently have 71 ELL students",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_12172025-7572",
   "why": "Said in a School Committee meeting in December 2025. DESE\u2019s file records 70 English learners for the same school year \u2014 two counts, taken independently, one child apart."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2025-09-03-minutes-7385.txt",
   "date": "2025-09-03",
   "key": "turkey-hill-class-sizes",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "We have started this year with 357 students and an average class size of 23/24 for third grade with 113 students, 135 students in the fourth grade with an average class size of 27, and 109 students in the fifth grade with an average class size of 22/23",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_09032025-7385",
   "why": "The principal of the grades 3\u20135 school, on the first day of the year DESE records 356 pupils there \u2014 113, 135 and 108 by grade. Three of the four figures match exactly."
  },
  {
   "board": "Finance Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/finance-committee/2023-04-20-minutes-96.txt",
   "date": "2023-04-20",
   "key": "esser-hired-13",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "ESSER funds allowed the School Department to hire 13 new positions across the district. Social workers, guidance counselors, subject specialists, tutors, and technicians were all brought into the school",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_04202023-96",
   "why": "The single largest confound in any staffing series covering these years. DESE counts federally funded staff exactly like appropriated staff, so a grant arriving and a grant ending are both invisible in the FTE line."
  },
  {
   "board": "Finance Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/finance-committee/2024-02-21-minutes-6417.txt",
   "date": "2024-02-21",
   "key": "esser-unwound",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "kept 2 social worker positions while cutting 2 budget funded guidance",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_02212024-6417",
   "why": "The other end of the same grant. Positions were kept, cut and moved onto a different grant in one year \u2014 three different things that look identical in a headcount and in an FTE count alike."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2023-11-01-minutes-1761.txt",
   "date": "2023-11-01",
   "key": "para-transfers",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "$19,539 transfer to reconcile accounts for transfer\u2019s associated with paraprofessionals, from resignations, internal transfers and new hires",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_11012023-1761",
   "why": "A budget transfer voted in one meeting, for one job class, naming three kinds of movement at once. The state\u2019s own retention file says only 66% of the paraprofessionals counted the year before were still there \u2014 this is what that number looks like inside the budget."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2023-12-06-minutes-6110.txt",
   "date": "2023-12-06",
   "key": "social-worker-caseloads",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "Information is broken out to social worker caseloads by bui lding",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_12062023-6110",
   "why": "The district HOLDS a per-building social worker caseload, and told the School Committee so while deciding what to cut. It is not published, and it is the one document that would turn the roster\u2019s printed names into a service level. (The space inside \u201cbuilding\u201d is in the town\u2019s own scanned text; the quote is what the archive holds, not our repair of it.)"
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-01-24-minutes-6375.txt",
   "date": "2024-01-24",
   "key": "social-workers-billed-elsewhere",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "something you should be looking at to address social workers being cut",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01242024-6375",
   "why": "Public comment naming MassHealth reimbursement and outside agencies as ways to pay for the same work. Rule 11 in a sentence: the post is the same post and the fund is different, and no published document says which fund pays which post here."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Committee",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-committee/2024-01-24-minutes-6375.txt",
   "date": "2024-01-24",
   "key": "one-music-teacher",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "there is one high school music teacher and there are two art teachers",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_01242024-6375",
   "why": "Why this page cannot answer \u201cwhat happened to music\u201d. DESE publishes one Arts bucket; the town distinguishes music from art and this is the archive saying so."
  },
  {
   "board": "School Advisory Councils Committees",
   "cite": "/docs/meetings/text/school-advisory-councils-committees/2026-03-26-minutes-7726.txt",
   "date": "2026-03-26",
   "key": "fy27-cut-list",
   "kind": "minutes",
   "quote": "cuts: 2 primary teachers; 2 elementary; CODA; .2 music; interventionist at primary; custodian; part time AD; band and atheltic transportation",
   "town": "https://www.lunenburgma.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_03262026-7726",
   "why": "The district publishes a line-by-line cut list every year. This one is FY2027 and is not yet in any DESE file \u2014 the state\u2019s teacher data stops at FY2026, so the most recent cuts are visible only in the minutes."
  }
 ],
 "searched": [
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 177,
   "term": "staffing"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 21,
   "term": "class size"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 38,
   "term": "paraprofessional"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 9,
   "term": "world language"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 7,
   "term": "interventionist"
  },
  {
   "cased": true,
   "documents": 2,
   "term": "ELL"
  },
  {
   "cased": true,
   "documents": 34,
   "term": "ESSER"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 11,
   "term": "guidance counselor"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 16,
   "term": "social worker"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 3,
   "term": "caseload"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 0,
   "term": "adjustment counselor"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 0,
   "term": "reduction in force"
  },
  {
   "cased": false,
   "documents": 3,
   "term": "school psychologist"
  }
 ],
 "source": "sources/data/lunenburg.db \u2014 staff_roster_entries, role_classification, dese_measure, budget_figure, report_gross_wages",
 "sources": [
  {
   "bytes": 25969884,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/dese-teacher-data.xlsx",
   "note": "Teacher FTE by district, by school and by core academic subject, with the state\u2019s own students-per-teacher figure. FY2008\u2013FY2026.",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-teacher-data.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "4fbe81d65aee0bff88504cfc21dc2140ef9bc4a073bb5bad6b167c738767e2ea",
   "table": "dese_teacher_subject",
   "url": "https://educationtocareer.data.mass.gov/d/4684-cw3t"
  },
  {
   "bytes": 13368300,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/dese-enrollment-by-grade.xlsx",
   "note": "Enrolment by grade and by school, with students with disabilities, English learners, high needs and low income. FY1992\u2013FY2026; the need measures start later and one of them changes definition twice.",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-enrollment-by-grade.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "a2fb23dea70ce67dc0aea46a5eb4856630b1655d2ddf470b96681cdc6a56543e",
   "table": "dese_enrollment",
   "url": "https://educationtocareer.data.mass.gov/d/t8td-gens"
  },
  {
   "bytes": 5447420,
   "docs_url": "/docs/state-dese/dese-sped-program-characteristics.xlsx",
   "note": "What the children with a special education plan are \u2014 disability, placement, grade span \u2014 and the special education STAFF table, whose paraprofessional row is the only one in it that reproduces from its own printed FTE and child count in every year.",
   "path": "sources/state-dese/dese-sped-program-characteristics.xlsx",
   "publisher": "Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education",
   "sha256": "417435bddfcac3eb1f2f05ab9b3c39ef837a6f46594494036030df7dd377c971",
   "table": "dese_sped_program",
   "url": "https://educationtocareer.data.mass.gov/d/n62c-bx65"
  }
 ],
 "sped_staffing": {
  "all_programmes": {
   "change": 10.0,
   "first": 57.0,
   "first_fy": 2020,
   "last": 67.0,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "pct": 17.543859649122805,
   "steps": 5,
   "up": 4
  },
  "first_fy": 2020,
  "implied": {
   "change": 34.0,
   "first": 13.0,
   "first_fy": 2020,
   "last": 47.0,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "pct": 261.53846153846155,
   "steps": 5,
   "up": 5
  },
  "last_fy": 2025,
  "reproduces": {
   "checked": 18,
   "failed": 0
  },
  "rows": [
   {
    "all_programmes": 57.0,
    "fy": 2020,
    "implied": 13.0,
    "special_education": 44.0,
    "swd": 244
   },
   {
    "all_programmes": 59.5,
    "fy": 2021,
    "implied": 18.0,
    "special_education": 41.5,
    "swd": 249
   },
   {
    "all_programmes": 55.5,
    "fy": 2022,
    "implied": 23.0,
    "special_education": 32.5,
    "swd": 217
   },
   {
    "all_programmes": 59.0,
    "fy": 2023,
    "implied": 35.0,
    "special_education": 24.0,
    "swd": 230
   },
   {
    "all_programmes": 66.0,
    "fy": 2024,
    "implied": 43.0,
    "special_education": 23.0,
    "swd": 224
   },
   {
    "all_programmes": 67.0,
    "fy": 2025,
    "implied": 47.0,
    "special_education": 20.0,
    "swd": 238
   }
  ],
  "special_education": {
   "change": -24.0,
   "first": 44.0,
   "first_fy": 2020,
   "last": 20.0,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "pct": -54.54545454545454,
   "steps": 5,
   "up": 0
  },
  "sped_total": [
   {
    "fte": 60.0,
    "fy": 2020,
    "per_100": 24.59,
    "swd": 244
   },
   {
    "fte": 59.5,
    "fy": 2021,
    "per_100": 23.9,
    "swd": 249
   },
   {
    "fte": 46.5,
    "fy": 2022,
    "per_100": 21.43,
    "swd": 217
   },
   {
    "fte": 37.7,
    "fy": 2023,
    "per_100": 16.39,
    "swd": 230
   },
   {
    "fte": 34.5,
    "fy": 2024,
    "per_100": 15.4,
    "swd": 224
   },
   {
    "fte": 33.7,
    "fy": 2025,
    "per_100": 14.16,
    "swd": 238
   }
  ],
  "swd": {
   "change": -6,
   "first": 244,
   "first_fy": 2020,
   "last": 238,
   "last_fy": 2025,
   "pct": -2.459016393442623,
   "steps": 5,
   "up": 3
  },
  "two_files": {
   "a": "radar-district-comparison.xlsx",
   "b": "dese-sped-program-characteristics.xlsx",
   "warning": "These are two DESE files with two definitions. The difference between them is computed here and called IMPLIED, never \u201cgeneral education\u201d, because nothing published says the second file\u2019s universe sits inside the first\u2019s."
  }
 },
 "state": {
  "change": {
   "para_fte": {
    "change": 20.6,
    "first": 46.4,
    "first_fy": 2009,
    "last": 67.0,
    "last_fy": 2025,
    "pct": 0.44396551724137934
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   "paras_per_100": {
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    "first": 2.6514285714285712,
    "first_fy": 2009,
    "last": 4.270507999235132,
    "last_fy": 2025,
    "pct": 0.610644180746009
   },
   "pupils_in_district": {
    "change": -181.0999999999999,
    "first": 1750.0,
    "first_fy": 2009,
    "last": 1568.9,
    "last_fy": 2025,
    "pct": -0.10348571428571424
   },
   "student_headcount": {
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    "first_fy": 2009,
    "last": 1563.0,
    "last_fy": 2025,
    "pct": -0.1012075905692927
   },
   "teacher_fte": {
    "change": -15.100000000000009,
    "first": 120.2,
    "first_fy": 2009,
    "last": 105.1,
    "last_fy": 2025,
    "pct": -0.1256239600665558
   },
   "teachers_per_100": {
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    "first": 6.868571428571428,
    "first_fy": 2009,
    "last": 6.6989610555166035,
    "last_fy": 2025,
    "pct": -0.02469368992062758
   }
  },
  "change_over_roster_years": {
   "para_fte": {
    "change": 42.9,
    "first": 24.1,
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  }
 }
}